Lecture notes
Lecture note for Public health intelligence and epidemiology: informing policy and strategy
- Module
- AC7028
- Institution
- Northumbria University (UNN)
Lecture notes of 31 pages for the course AC7028 at UNN (slides for my class)
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Public Health Intelligence and Epidemiology (AC7028)Bias in Epidemiology
Dr Richard Lee
, Objectives
• To introduce the notion of bias in epidemiology
• To consider different forms and varied examples of bias
, Bias in epidemiology
• Causal Inferences (Donaldson and Rutter, 2018)
– How do you explore factors that might cause a
disease or illness?
• Develop a causal hypothesis
• From…observations, impressions, descriptive
data…
• Explore causal hypothesis from cohort and case-
control studies
– What happens when a risk factor and a
disease/condition are thought to be associated?
, Bias in epidemiology
• Understanding associations
– We must interrogate apparent associations
– Is our explanation for an association correct?
• Studies are imperfect
• What else could cause the association?
– Three main issues we need to consider:
• Chance
• Bias
• Confounding (bias)
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