Lecture notes
Abnormal psychology
- Module
- A level Psychology
- Institution
- A Level Psychology
Simple small notes on abnormal psychology (closed book exam) result was distinction (DDD)
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The behaviourist approach- Conditioning, during conditioning and after conditioning.
- By experience, rather than biology.
- Nurture vs Nature, Nurture. Can be unlearnt.
- Skinner – think of this experiment.
- operant conditioning – reinforced behaviour – Rewards cause repeat.
-Modeling, banduras bobo doll experiment -individuals learn responses by observing and
repeating behaviour, this can be linked with MH – domestic violence
Classical conditioning- Pavlov, association e.g phobias. Watson and Rayner (1920) children learn
phobias through paired associations.
- response with a neutral stimulus. Resulting in a conditioned response than can lead to a
phobia.
Eg – high building (stimulus) looks down and feels sick and dizzy (response) the association
between the two cause the phobia.
Behaviours assiocated with schizophrenia are learned, behaviours are reinforced. Also
undesirable behaviours in children, behaviours are rewarded
Treatments: systematic desensitization and aversion therapy
Aversion therapy – this process pairs undesirable behaviour with some sort of aversive stimulus
with the aim of reducing unwanted behaviour – Skinner, homosexuality. -being eletricuted if
had an erection over a man.
Systematic desensitization- behaviour therapy based on classic conditioning. Exposure therapy –
cockcroach video
Strengths – powerful force in the field
Can be tested in the laboratory
Significant research support for behavioural therapies
Weaknesses- too simplistic – is schizophrenia learnt?
Behaviour therapy is limited
Downplays role of cognition
Now focus on self-efficacy, social cognition, and cognitive-behavioural theories
Socioculteral approach
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