Exam (elaborations)
Client centered care EXAM 2|103 Questions with Complete Solutions
Client centered care EXAM 2|103 Questions with Complete Solutions
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Client centered care EXAM 2|103Questions with Complete Solutions
GI Tract is made up of what - -The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small and large intestines, rectum, and anus.
-Accessory organs of the GI - -The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
-Functions of the upper GI - -Chewing, swallowing, and breaking down food
particles.
-Risk factors for oral cancer - -Cigarette smoking, tobacco use, pipe
smoking, excessive alcohol use, infection with HPV, and genetic
predisposition
-Signs and symptoms of oral cancer - -Lesions on the tongue or mucosa,
sores or discoloration of the lips or mouth that don't heal
-treatment of oral cancer - -radiation, chemotherapy, surgery that may
require the creation of a tracheostomy
-Nursing care of a patient with oral cancer - -Involves monitoring respiratory
status, nutritional support, and comfort measures
-Esophageal cancer/ gastric cancer risk factors - -Smoking, excessive
alcohol use
-cause of esophageal cancer - -Barrett esophagus
-Barrett esophagus - -Precancerous condition due to longstanding GERD,
the constant irritation of the esophagus by stomach fluids can cause cells to
become malignant.
-Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer - -dysphagia, hoarseness,
persistent cough, halitosis, regurgitation of foods, and weight loss.
-Treatment of esophageal cancer - -Endoscopic therapies and surgeries.
Esophagectomy is less commonly done due to complication rate
-respiratory acidosis - -A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
-respiratory alkalosis - -Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive
breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
, -metabolic acidosis - -decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of
an upset in metabolism
-metabolic alkalosis - -elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an excessive
loss of metabolic acids
-respiratory acidosis - -Causes: shallow, slow respirations->
HYPOventilation; respiratory congestion or obstruction.
Can be due to COPD, severe pneumonia, or excessive sedation; respiratory
muscle weakness.
-Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis - -Hypoventilation, dyspnea,
anxiety, and confusion
-ABG values for respiratory acidosis - -pH less than 7.35, PaCO2 greater
than 45
-causes of metabolic acidosis - -shock, DKA, lactic acidosis, renal failure,
diarrhea, and starvation
-signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis - -Kussmaul respirations;
headache; confusion; malaise
-ABG values for metabolic acidosis - -low pH, HCO3 less than 22
-Causes of respiratory alkalosis - -HYPERventilation caused by anxiety or
pain, mechanical ventilation
-Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis - -Hyperventilation; confusion;
Lightheadedness
-ABG values for respiratory alkalosis - -ph greater than 7.45, paCO2 less
than 35
-metabolic alkalosis causes - -vomiting; prolonged gastric suction;
hypokalemia; medications: diuretics, antacids or bicarbonate,
mineralocorticoids
-signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis - -Hypoventilation; confusion;
numbness/tingling; decreased LOC
-ABG values for metabolic alkalosis - -pH greater than 7.45, HCO3 greater
than 26
-Normal pH - -7.35-7.45
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