SCRN EXAM REVIEW 2023-2024/Verified
Questions With Complete Solutions (Graded A+)
Quiz :Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) - √Answer :Arises from basilar. Supplies
Occipital Lobe , Midbrain, Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Choroid Plexus, and
Corpus Callosum
Quiz :Symptoms of PCA Stroke - √Answer :-Contralateral Visual Field
Homonymous hemianopia
-Visual Agnosia (unable to interpret/recognize visual information)
- Weber's Syndrome (3rd nerve palsy + contralateral hemiplegia)
-Parinaud's Syndrome (Impaired upwards gaze, convergence-retraction
nystagmus, primary conjugate downward gaze)
Quiz :Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) - √Answer :Feeds anterior
inferior parts of the cerebellum
Quiz :Symptoms of AICA Stroke - √Answer :Lateral Pontine Syndrome:
vertigo, vomiting, nystagmus, falling towards the side of the lesion, ipsilateral
loss of sensation to the face, ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral hearing loss
Quiz :Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) - √Answer :Feeds cerebellum,
superior section of the medulla,. Choroid plexus and fourth ventricle
Quiz :Symptoms of PICA Stroke - √Answer :Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral
Medullary Syndrome): Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the
contralateral trunk and ipsilateral face
Quiz :Basilar Artery - √Answer :An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral
arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem (medulla and pons) and to the
posterior cerebral arteries.
Quiz :Symptoms of Basilar Artery Stoke - √Answer :Coma, quadriparesis,
ataxia, dysarthria, CN dysfunction and visual deficits, Locked in Syndrome,
Intranuclear Opthalmoplegia, gaze paresis, Millard Gulber Syndrome CN VI
VII damage (diplopia facial weakness, loss of corneal reflex), Nausea, vomiting,
diplopia, gaze palsy, dysarthria,. vertigo, tinnitus, hemiparesis, and
quadriplegia.
Quiz :Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) - √Answer :Feeds the media portion of
the frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum
,Quiz :Symptoms of ACA Stroke - √Answer :Contralateral motor/sensory
deficits impacting legs > arms
Quiz :Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) - √Answer :Feeds majority of the frontal,
parietal, and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, internal capsule. It is divided M1 -
M4
Quiz :Symptoms of MCA Stroke - √Answer :-Aphasia if dominant hemisphere
-Neglect if non-dominant hemisphere
-Contralateral motor/sensory loss of face/arm/leg with Arms > Legs
-Anosognosia: neglect or lack of self awareness
Quiz :Venous Vascular Anatomy - √Answer :Venous channels enter into
venous sinuses located in the Dura matter.
Quiz :Superior Sagittal Sinus - √Answer :Travels posteriorly between the
cerebral hemispheres towards the occiput
Quiz :Straight Sinus - √Answer :Travels along the tentorium, draining blood
from the superior cerebellar veins.
Quiz :Transverse Sinus - √Answer :Travels along the base of the occiput
laterally and forwardly
Quiz :Sigmoid Sinus - √Answer :Begins beneath the temporal bone and travels
to the jugular foramen where it becomes the internal jugular veins
Quiz :Stroke Pathophysiology - √Answer :Arterial blood flow to the brain tissue
fails to meet metabolic demands resulting in cell damage or death. ISCHEMIA
FIRST THEN INFARCT.
Quiz :Penumbra - √Answer :Zone surrounding the core infarct, damaged by
ischemia but not yet infarcted
---- functionally silent yet metabolically active
Quiz :Hypoxia leading to Necrotic Pathway - √Answer :Cell energy failure
Quiz :Hypoxia leading to Apoptotic Pathway - √Answer :Programmed cell
death in the penumbral zone
Quiz :ICH Stroke Pathophysiology - √Answer :Occurs when a cerebral blood
vessel opens abnormally and spills blood into brain tissue.
, Quiz :Classification of ICH Brain Injury - √Answer :Primary Brain Injury:
Direct result of the hematoma
Secondary Brain Injury: Hours or days after ICH, mass effect causes
mechanical disruption and damage to cell membranes
Quiz :SAH Stroke Pathophysiology - √Answer :Aneurysm from s in the
cerebral vasculature and ruptures, resulting in blood spilling in the subarachnoid
space
Quiz :Saccular Aneurysm - √Answer :narrow neck, widened dome -- Most
Common
Quiz :Fusiform Aneurysm - √Answer :Outpouching of the vessel without a
distinct neck --- Less common
Quiz :Early Brain Injury - √Answer :Hours and first several days after aneurysm
rupture cerebral edema forms, injury results from decreased cerebral blood flow
Quiz :Cerebral Vasospasm (Delayed Cerebral Injury) - √Answer :Large Vessel
Spasm generally begins on day 4 continues up to 21 days
Quiz :Brain Requirements - √Answer :20% of the body's Oxygen
15% of the body's Cardiac Output
Quiz :Cerebral Blood Flow - √Answer :Normal: 50 - 55 mL/100g/min
Oligemia: 30 - 40 mL/100g/min
Moderate Ischemia (the penumbra): 20 - 30 mL/100 g/min
Severe ischemia and Cell Death: 0 - 10 mL/100 g/min
Quiz :Large Vessel occlusion - √Answer :Embolic: develop elsewhere and
travel to blood vessel in the brain
Quiz :Small Vessel Occlusion - √Answer :Thrombotic: caused by a clot that
develops in the vessel of the brain
Quiz :Cerebral Cortex - √Answer :Grey matter on the outermost section of the
cerebrum and cerebellum
