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Vet Prep NAVLE /244 Questions With Complete Solutions
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Vet Prep NAVLE /244 Questions With Complete Solutions
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Vet Prep NAVLE /244 Questions With CompleteSolutions
Quiz :You perform an abdominal ultrasound to evaluate a Yorkshire Terrier
with a suspected liver shunt. After finding the shunt vessel, you complete the
ultrasound and find several calculi in the bladder. What is the most likely type
of stone?
Cysteine
Struvite
Urate
Xanthine - √Answer :The correct answer is urate. Animals with portosystemic
shunts are very predisposed to developing urate uroliths due to their inability
to metabolize purines appropriately.
Quiz :A 2-year old male castrated Border Collie presents for a 1-week history of
small bowel diarrhea. A fecal flotation shows numerous Giardia cysts. What is
the treatment of choice for this dog?
Ipronidazole
Metronidazole
Decoquinate
Albendazole - √Answer :Metronidazole
Quiz :Black walnut toxicity causes what condition in horses?
Laminitis
Hypersalivation
Renal failure
Pulmonary edema - √Answer :The correct answer is laminitis. Although the
specific toxic principle in black walnuts responsible for causing laminitis or
acute lameness in horses is unknown, evidence suggests juglone (a
napthaquinone) plays a role. Do not use black walnuts for horse bedding.
Quiz :Which of these would be appropriate for a horse with hyperkalemic
periodic paralysis (HYPP)?
Brome hay
Timothy hay
Alfalfa hay
,Beet molasses - √Answer :The correct answer is timothy hay. Of these choices,
the only feed with low potassium is timothy hay. A low potassium diet is the
most important nutritional modification in the treatment of HYPP. Regular
exercise and feeding smaller, frequent meals can also reduce clinical signs. This
disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and owners should be
discouraged from breeding affected animals.
Quiz :A 16-year old budgerigar presents with progressive unilateral paresis of
the right leg (see image). There is normal flexion and extension of the hip joint
with decreased flexion, extension, and sensation below the knee. The
remainder of your skeletal and neurologic examination is unremarkable. Which
of the following is most likely in this bird?
Intervertebral disc disease
Botulism
Marek's disease
Renal neoplasia
Lead toxicosis - √Answer :The signalment and progressive unilateral paresis are
most suspicious for renal neoplasia of budgerigars. Affected birds develop
paresis due to pressure exerted on the sciatic nerve by a renal tumor. There is
typically normal flexion and extension of the hip joint with decreased flexion,
extension, and sensation below the knee as described here.
Disc disease is uncommon in birds. Lead toxicity can lead to peripheral
neuropathy and paresis but typically there are more multifocal or other
accompanying signs such as polyuria/polydipsia, gastrointestinal signs, wing
droop, head tilt, or convulsions. Marek's disease typically affects younger
animals. Botulism typically presents with flaccid paralysis of the legs, wings,
and neck.
Quiz :Severe combined immunodeficiency is a lethal autosomal recessive trait
in Arabian foals. Heterozygotes are clinically normal. If the heterozygote carrier
rate for the genetic mutation is 8%, what is the expected frequency of Arabian
foals that are homozygous for the mutated allele?
0.064%
0.16%
2%
0.64%
25%
,4% - √Answer :You do not need to know anything about the disease in this
question in order to get the correct answer. You are told that the disease is
recessive and has a carrier rate of 8%Because the trait is recessive,
homozygotes will be the only individuals affected. In order for a foal to be born
homozygous for the trait, BOTH parents MUST be carriers. The chances of both
parents being carriers is 8% x 8% (or 0.08 x 0.08) = 0.0064 or 0.64%. If both
parents are carriers, the offspring has a 1 in 4 chance of inheriting two mutant
alleles (50% chance for each allele from each parent).Since the chances of both
parents being carriers is 0.64% and the chance of having a homozygous
offspring in that case is 1 in 4, the overall expected frequency of diseased foals
is 0.0064 x 0.25= 0.0016 or 0.16%.
Quiz :Which of these drugs should not be used in Greyhounds?
Propofol
Ivermectin
Morphine
Thiopental - √Answer :The correct answer is thiopental. Thiopental is an ultra-
short acting barbiturate. Recovery depends on redistribution to tissues,
including fat. Because sighthounds have very little fat, they have prolonged
recoveries and greater complications with these drugs.
Quiz :A chicken operation has recently been ravaged by a respiratory disease
affecting almost all of the chickens in the flock. The chickens are coughing and
sneezing and many have facial swelling. You necropsied many of the chickens
and found mucoid exudate in the bronchi, thickened air sacs, and in a few of
the chickens, interstitial nephritis was present. Which of these diseases is
likely?
Infectious Bursal Disease
Aspergillus
Fowl Cholera
Infectious Bronchitis - √Answer :The correct answer is infectious bronchitis.
This is caused by a coronavirus. It is spread by aerosol and ingestion and
usually affects all exposed birds. The clinical signs and necropsy findings are as
described in the question. The disease can be clinically indistinguishable from
mild forms of Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis, and infectious coryza. Virus
isolation is needed to obtain a definitive diagnosis.
, Quiz :A 4-year old male castrated Basenji presents for polyuria, polydipsia, and
weight loss. Blood work shows P=2.5 (2.9-5.3 mg/dl), K= 3.1 (3.9-5.1 mEq/L),
total CO2= 12 (17-25 mmol/L). The remainder of the blood work is within
normal limits. Urinalysis shows 3+ glucose. Which of the following is your most
likely differential diagnosis?
Pyometra
Fanconi syndrome
Pyelonephritis
Diabetes mellitus - √Answer :The correct answer is Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi
syndrome is an inherited disease in Basenjis. The disease involves renal tubular
defects causing an abnormal loss of electrolytes and solutes leading to
hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. DM is less likely
because serum glucose is normal. The lab abnormalities present in this dog are
not consistent with pyelonephritis. Pyometra is not a viable choice as the
signalment describes a male.
Quiz :The image shows an infarct in the liver discovered on post mortem exam
of a mature beef cow which died one hour before in a western mountain
pasture, after being observed to appear normal one day earlier. There is also
dark red urine in the bladder. The pasture contains native plants, some pine
trees, and a marshy area with water plants. The cows are unvaccinated and
were never wormed. Given this history and the lesion found, the most likely
cause of death is
Blue-green algae toxicity
Death camas toxicity
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
Viral hepatitis
Pine needle poisoning - √Answer :Also known as redwater, bacillary
hemoglobinuria is caused by germination of Clostridium Novyi type D spores in
the liver after anaerobic damage by migrating liver fluke larvae. Cl. Novyi was
formerly called Cl. hemolyticum. Vaccination can prevent this disease.
Quiz :What is the most common cause of maxillary sinusitis in a horse, as seen
in the necropsy image below?
Foreign body
Tooth root abscess
Brachygnathia
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