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LETRS Unit 1 study guide 2023/2024 | Verified
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- LETRS Unit 1 Study Guide 2023/2024 | Verified
LETRS Unit 1 study guide 2023/2024 | Verified
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LETRS Unit 1 study guide 2023/2024 |Verified
Why did the National Institute of Health and Human Development classify
reading difficulties as a major health concern? - -The inability to read well is
associated with social ills such as dropping out of school, delinquency,
inadequate health care, unwanted pregnancy, and chronic
underemployment.
They cannot read prescription bottles, but can still open them, cant read
road signs, and cant read the instruction on anything.
-Discuss the types of writing systems in the world. (Pictogram, logograph,
syllabic symbols, and alphabetic symbols). How do they differ? How are they
the same? - -Pictograms-directly represent meaning, hieroglyphics.
Logographs-abstractly represent meaning, not sound, Chinese radicals.
Syllabic symbols-directly represent whole syllables, Cherokee.
Alphabetic symbols-represent consonants and vowels, or individual
phonemes, Greek or Russian.
-What is morphophonemic language? Why is it more difficult to learn it? - -
Morphology is the study of meaningful units in a language and how the units
are combined in word formation.
Nat- is a root.
Nature is a noun; natural is an adjective; naturalist is a noun; naturally is an
adverb.
This also means that it is a "deep" alphabetic writing system organized by
both letter-sound correspondences and morphology.
-How do oral language and written language differ? - -Speaking is natural,
reading and writing are not.
Spoken language is "hard-wired" inside the human brain.
Oral language is the foundational skill for later reading and writing.
, -Discuss the terms phoneme, morpheme, and grapheme giving examples of
each..? - -Phoneme-units of sound in a specified language that distinguish
one word from another (p,b,d, and t in English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.)
Morpheme-unit of language that cannot be further divided (in, come, -ing,
forming incoming.)
Grapheme-a unit (as a letter or digraph) of a writing system.
-What is the three cueing system? - -Model that proposed that word
recognition depended on three systems of linguistic cues that reside in a
text.
(1) a graphophonic (visual) system;
(2) a semantic (meaning) system; and
(3) a syntactic system that provides linguistic context to process words in
sentences.
This model overemphasizes the usefulness of context and meaning in word
recognition. It fosters dependence on pictures, prereading rehearsal, and
context to figure out words.
-What are Chall's reading stages? Why is it an important item to consider? -
-The reading stages of Chall are still useful in understanding how the
challenges of learning and teaching reading change over time.
Exposure to text and reading practice are critical in moving the growth
process along.
Stages are: Prereading, Initial Reading or Alphabetic Decoding, Confirmation
and Fluency, Reading to Learn, Multiple Points of View, Construction and
Reconstruction.
-What are Ehri's phases of reading and spelling development? Why is it
important to understand these phases? - -Widely referenced because their
description rests on multiple experiments conducted over many years that
have been replicated by other researchers.
The ability to recognize many words "by sight" during fluent reading rests on
the ability to map phonemes to graphemes or to master the alphabetic
principle.
The phases are: Prealphabetic (incidental visual cues, symbols),
Early Alphabetic (letter knowledge and partial phoneme awareness),
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