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Summary

Summary Forensic Psychology Notes

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  • AQA

A full overview of A-Level forensic psychology fitted for the AQA exam board. This document consists of all required and additional A01 content derived from my own research in order to establish a further understanding of the course. This involves all criminality explanation and behaviours that may...

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  • August 12, 2023
  • 12
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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Top down approach




Only
L
-




-offender profiling
used to discover
typeso foffenders Stages of Bottom-up Approach effective on high profile crimess u c h as




& match them with future offenders 1. Data assimilation -



interviews, crime scene, pathology reports rape and murders




organised/disorymised
a


provides a
hypothesisfo r the offender which 2.
Identify whether




-
is
generated from evidence & o ffenders
past 3. Reconstruction of crime-inter
sequence,
how the crime Distinction between
organised and disorganised


i
of a similar offender occurred canter eta l




4. Profile generation
-




Hypotheses of
likely offendor,

Anclysito f1 0 0 us Murders from diff murderer




Organised
*

vs
Disorganised Offenders demographic information, age, race, occupation, Analysed Gand 39 aspects
including attemptt o control,




etc
resterint, concealing the
of
body


Flawed
-


to
·




evidence for profiling discovered o flecturesfo r oforganee
Organised subset
typology


↳> ·



FBI gathereddata ofinterviewsw i t h Used sample space analysis identifies correlation ofs everal
high
-




average to IQ




~married or
cohabiting "Socially &
sexually 3d
content sexually motivated offenser behaviour



~brings ow n to
"leaves no
incriminating evidence ↳concluded data can be spliti n two -
weapon scene




In
I
/ through
is Some criminalsmanipulate place evidence in

characteristics
certain
planned controlled May manipulate the police or




"
to
good victim control evidence or tips. self-report a manner
preventdiscovery or lead them


I
Godwin -




argues i ti s
that hard it G
specific direction



Disorganised
·




distinguish between the
types

"
below average
IQ
↳>

socially and inept
sexually

stated thats o m e offender show
-



De, resume
ene

·
Sodercombineinthe
-




↳>
↳a
little attemptt o control victim single, living alone combination ofbehaviour;
by
socialy /seful
confet
is spontane



ene
ciewe userentered
-> ->

unplanned found compilentb u tspontaneousmurder
-

uses
and improvised weapons
e.g. sexually



↳leavesincriminating "Lacks
I
evidence/taker
Reliability
have link to victim riders
may personal


"

failst o hypothesir
-




destroy evidence Subjective




Evidence
+




showsthati tcan be used for other crimes "based on
profilet persond experience




such as
burglary to
hypothesist likely characteristics





Meketan


↳-
Use burglary
of
profiling in hass h ow n

Bottom up Eval




I cangomusicasaret mi aware
-



85% rise in solved casesi n 3 states.




aen
n "organised -




disorganised
-




interpersonal opportunistic
t




awokeandYasamwere
-

ante
nee Nor
live
likely
knows are
inexperiencedyou
something


Godin
& Las victim stale it generally
↳ Genzelisch
its
Helpers
I




cente
-> 857



-sin-y!

, Bottom -



up Approach Copson:85% useful to police


Profilersl o o k ac
t rime scene detailst o develop Statistical analysis:smallestspace analysis 3: solved:small amount



hypothesert for the offendercharacteristici

findscorrelation with
patternso fbehavior


backround andmotivation ↳computer programme
Canter & Heritage:Investigative Psychology

2. ↳
Investigative Psychology & Geographical 66 sexual assaultcases
Profiling


Investigative ↳used
0
Psychology Criminal consistency
--
behaviousshown in crime can smallestspace sample


↳>
combination be similar well behavior certain characteristics& patternso fbehavioursfound
ofstatistical analysisa n d in other crimes as well as or outside wine.




psychological theories Interpersonal consistency -- certain
typer behavior
of involved in only sexual assault: lack generalisabilly

Matchesstatistical analysisto typical offender behaviour interactionsw ith victimscan be similar to interaction in everyday.



Describing &
-


basedo n
psychological theories
Railway Rapist Statistical analysis = objective allocating

↳s
Interpersonal "John Dalty:2 3 overall behaviour & characteristics characteristics:s ubjective
1. coherence assuults& I murders




(T-Dapper)

2.
Significance of time & place "investigative psychology red & produceda n holistic no labels validity






3. Criminal career accurate profile ofoffender leading solve
to Disagreet win Psychologix



Criminal
4. characteristics "DavidLunter Commuter:offence the tend to leave Differencesi n statistics
LI reliability to





reports& reports
Maraucier: official
5. Forensic awareness offenderso r like to commit crimes police
-




·



Geographical Profiling Canter'sCircle Theory in close proving


↳ we

focuseson how
geographical location can provide certain offencesdie by one offender, will + Canter & Larkin:found offenderswe re row ling


offender to live work minds ofa circle for
clues & information aboutc rime and the most likely have lived or work at center of or in crimes




Brantingham and Brantingham:Offendermoreling to commitc on the circle 81 of4 5 British said A Imaracent
he
in close proximity of
they know router
el
I
Godwin & Lanter Canter
&


&
Lundriyan:Geographical profiting


Clarke:offender, close asi tattractive
proximity to how 85% ofoffenders lived ↳120 cases
involving serial killers




accessible iti s . willin center -Location of disposal b odiesproduced 'centre of gravity'
ofc ircle of




*The leasteffortprinciple:minimal for their Crimes
for operational base Offender
of




2
* Routine activity Theory:fitir spatial consistency
everycly route -
all
geogrptical

we
Distance
*
Decay further itis, by
-




Officers become blind alternative may
be due to
disposing body in differ directionscausing
less to repent may to
--




*
Centre gravity operational base middle & other possible when
given circular location canters circle
thery
->
-
2 in
of




-

Certain characteristics
-




Stereotyper profiles <Onlyserial killen



Rachel Nickell

lack
=self-fulfilling prophecy issue ofs ocial serisitivity generalishing
↳ Use of bottom-up
- formed offender profile from crime
thati tmatched an innocent
u found
to blind officerso fanother
I seemed
suspect
->actileitcan eat may

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