d. lack of a clear mission.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Three Challenges for the Future of Corrections
LEARNING OBJE ACOR.CLEA.16.22.04 - Understand what “good leadership” means in the context of the current
CTIVES: corrections system of the United States and know what it will take for leaders to more widely
implement
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
37. In recent years there has been a dramatic growth in what type of studies?
a. leadership effectiveness
b. program effectiveness
c. prison effectiveness
d. vision effectiveness
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Four Current Trends in the U.S. Corrections System
LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACOR.CLEA.16.22.03 - Identify four substantial forces that face corrections and describe their
S: importance.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
38. Compared to the 1970s, those who go to prison serve sentences that are:
a. nearly twice as short.
b. nearly twice as long.
c. nearly identical.
d. incomparable.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: American Corrections Today
LEARNING OBJE ACOR.CLEA.16.22.01 - Understand how the philosophy of the U.S. corrections system has changed
CTIVES: over the years and what effects such changes have had.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
39. The social costs of the growth of the penal system have been borne most substantially by:
a. working-class families.
b. suburban communities.
c. upper-class families.
d. minority communities.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Five Correctional Dilemmas
LEARNING OBJECTIV ACOR.CLEA.16.22.02 - Know the major dilemmas facing the corrections system and how they
ES: might be resolved.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
40. The crime rate today is about what it was in:
a. 1953.
b. 1963.
c. 1973.
, d. 1993.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: American Corrections Today
LEARNING OBJE ACOR.CLEA.16.22.01 - Understand how the philosophy of the U.S. corrections system has changed
CTIVES: over the years and what effects such changes have had.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
41. A national clearinghouse of information about correctional practices is the:
a. American Correctional Association.
b. National Institute of Corrections.
c. California Peace Officers Association.
d. American Probation and Parole Association.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Changing Corrections: A Final View
LEARNING OBJECTI ACOR.CLEA.16.22.05 - Describe the aspirations for the U.S. corrections system and how those
VES: aspirations might be achieved.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
42. A new force for steady correctional growth and development that is likely to outstrip professional
associations and government agencies is:
a. you.
b. the media.
c. professors of criminal justice.
d. comprehensive research.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Changing Corrections: A Final View
LEARNING OBJECTI ACOR.CLEA.16.22.05 - Describe the aspirations for the U.S. corrections system and how those
VES: aspirations might be achieved.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
43. Several forces contribute to the constant change in corrections, predominantly professional associations and
____________.
a. lobbyists
b. government agencies
c. the general public
d. the media
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Changing Corrections: A Final View
LEARNING OBJECTI ACOR.CLEA.16.22.05 - Describe the aspirations for the U.S. corrections system and how those
VES: aspirations might be achieved.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
44. The National Institute of Corrections is a division of the _____________ housed within the Department of Justice.
a. Corrections Corp. of America
b. American Corrections Association
c. Federal Corrections Association
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