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Lecture notes

The basics of pharmacology- pharmacokinetics

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An introduction to the basics of pharmacology focusing on pharmacokinetics and the way in which he body affects medications. includes information on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. This foundation knowledge is included in the paediatric bioscience module but is generalised and t...

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  • August 13, 2023
  • 9
  • 2021/2022
  • Lecture notes
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • All classes

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Basics of Pharmacology:
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a
specific chemical after administration through the
mechanisms of absorption, distribution, metabolism
and excretion.
Absorption- How will the drug get into the body?
Distribution- where will it go?
Metabolism- How is it broken down? How will the
body change the substance and its effects?
Excretion- how does it leave the body?
To perform its action, a drug needs to be in the
right place, at the right concentration and at the
right time.


Absorption
Administration routes
Oral- mouth, GI tract
Aural- into the ears

, Sublingual- under the tongue
Buccal- oral mucosa
Intra-ocular- eyes
Topical- skin
Rectal- via the rectum
Vaginal- via the vagina
Inhalation- nasal passages or lungs
Intravenous- directly into the venous blood
Intramuscular- into the muscles
Subcutaneous- into the blood from skin layers
Epidural- into the epidural space in the spine
Intrathecal- directly into the cerebrospinal fluid


Factors affecting oral drug absorption
• Presence of food
• Formulation of the drug
• Medical conditions
• Drug interactions

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