Summary
Summary Approaches - Origins and Psychodynamic
- Module
- Approaches
- Institution
- AQA
Summary of origins of Psychology and psychodynamic Approach, including case studies and evaluation.
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APPROACHES OF PSYCHOLOGYOrigins of Psychology
Wundt 1832 - 1920
- Father of psychology.
- Laboratory in Leipzig Germany
- Empiricism : the theory that all knowledge is derived from experience based on the
senses.
- Aim to study structure of human mind and break down behaviours into basic
elements through controlled experiments → STRUCTURALISM
- Introspection : ‘looking into’ and consciously observing thoughts and feelings
- Process examines inner thoughts by consciously observing thoughts +
emotions
- Established psychology as a science using scientific methods
Emergence of Psychology as a Science
New scientific approach based on two major assumptions: Determinism and Predictability.
- Objective : tendency to base judgements and interpretations on external data rather
than subjective factors (personal beliefs, experiences, feelings)
- Systematic : Well-ordered manner in method that gives reliable information
following a planned or recorded system
- Replicable : Same results can be expected if repeated in the same way
Evaluation
Strengths
+ Scientific method allows it to be replicable, and externally valid
+ Scientific method allows control and internal validity
+ Practical Application: contemporary research method of measuring be introspective
(Hunter 2003 - Beepers to require participants to write about thoughts and feelings)
+ Paved the way for psychology as a science, including the use of biology and cognitive
psychologists
Weaknesses
- Introspection is not accurate (Nisbett and Wilson, 1977 - Little knowledge of what
factors contributes to behaviours or belief, such as influences on customer items)
- Based from subjectiveness as it is not scientific it can not be easily reproduced in
other laboratories
- Participants only record conscious thoughts, not unconscious (Psychodynamic)
- Unreplicable and unreliable of experimental records
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