Summary
Summary Approaches - Biological and Comparison
- Module
- Approaches
- Institution
- AQA
Content regarding the Biological approach and Comparison of all the approaches
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Biological Approach - 1980sAssumptions
1. Affected by genetics, and the process of evolution. Animals tell us about ourselves.
2. Brain is the main focus and origin oh how we see the world
3. Varying levels of chemicals in the brain and body is related to behaviour
Key Terms
Biological Approach - Emphasises the importance of physical processes in the body
Genes - DNA consisting of codes for physical characteristics of an organism i.e. inheritance
Biological Structures - Arrangement for an organisation of parts to form an organ
Genotype - Particular set of genes that a person possesses
Phenotypes - Characteristics of an individual determined by both genes and environment
Evolution - Changes in inherited characteristics in a biological population over generations
Neurochemistry - Chemicals in the brain that regulate psychological functioning
Genetic Basis
Heredity : Passing of characteristics from one generation to next through genes.
Twins : Concordance Rate is the ‘agreement between’ twins sharing the same characteristics
MZ Twins - Monozygotic DZ - Dizygotic
Share 100% of the same DNA Share 50% of the same year
McGuffin (1996) - Depression In Concordance Rate
- 46% of MZ twins
- 20% of DZ twins
Genotype and Phenotype
Genotype is a person’s actual genetic makeup. Phenotype is the expression of genes.
Forumala : Genetics + Environment = Phenotype
APOE + heading a ball = Alzheimer’s
Evolution and Behaviour
Genetic variation - Natural selection is species adapting over time
★ Adapting to survive and reproduce, characteristics to offspring through genes
★ Humans adapted from common ancestors of apes
★ Survival of the fittest : competition for resources, which are passed on through genes
★ Become widespread to the species
○ Giraffes used to have short necks AND long necks. Due to competition for
resources, all giraffes soon had longer necks to reach longer trees
Biological Structures
Localisation = Different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions, making
different behaviours.
Neuroanatomy + Behaviour
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