This is a summary PowerPoint of the ophthalmological conditions taught for medical school finals. Each condition has its own section which follows a standardised layout: pathophysiology (where applicable), presentation/symptoms, investigations, management then any additional information.
,Diabetic Retinopathy
• Commonest cause of blindness in adults aged 35-65
• Usually asymptomatic = found in annual diabetic eye screening
• Due to hyperglycaemia which causes
• Endothelial cell dysfunction leading to increased vascular permeability exud
• Pericyte dysfunction microaneurysms
• Neovascularisation due to retinal ischaemia
• Risk factors
• Longer duration / younger-onset diabetes
• Poor glycaemic control
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidaemia
, Diabetic Retinopathy:
Classification
• Background retinopathy
• Microaneurysms
• Dot and blot haemorrhages
• Exudates
• Non-proliferative
• Dense haemorrhages
• Hard exudates
• Cotton wool spots (from retinal infarction)
• Venous beading/looping
• Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities
• Proliferative = retinal neovascularisation
• Can cause vitreous haemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment
• Maculopathy
• Macular oedema that can happen at any stage
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller DrRachel. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
