Lecture notes
Individual and Abnormal - Depression
- Institution
- Swansea University (SWAN)
In-depth notes on the unit Individual and Abnormal: Depression, for Swansea University 1st year students.
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Mood disorders - DepressionMood Disorders-
● Mood disorders are a group of disorders (DSM) which are categorised as such
due to disturbance in mood being the central feature.
● The world health organisation ranks major depressive disorder and Bipolar as the
1st and 5th leading causes of years with disability
● Yet very little is certain about their pathologies
Depression-
- Depression is a term used to describe symptoms and behaviour, not a diagnostic
label
- Biology, emotions, cognition and behavioural contribute to the etiology and
maintenance of depression
- Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder categorized by one of more major
depressive episodes.
- Has to be without a history of episodes, medication, medical condition or
substance
Major Depression (MDD, Unipolar)-
● DSM 5 criteria on blackboard
● Common
● Lifetime prevalence 10-20 percent
● Less common in children
● Presents differently
● Marriage and good socioeconomic position show to decrease the risk of
depression
Several Health Conditions closely related to Depression-
● Dysthymia - has long lasting symptoms similar, but not as severe as depression
● Prenatal or postpartum depression- occurs before or after the child is born
● Seasonal affective disorder- triggered by changes of season
● Bipolar Disorder- high manic episodes and depressive episodes, with anxiety
DSM classification on worst to less severe on slide 8
2 types -
1. Unipolar (major depressive disorder)
, 2. Bipolar (manic depression)
What does depression feel like?
● Muted and dull
● Very low
● Very slowed down
● Including thoughts and reactions
What does mania feel like?
● Full of energy
● Feel on top of the world
● Happy excited , irritated when others aren't
● Unable/unwilling to sleep
● More important than usual
● Full with exciting ideas
Unipolar (major depressive disorder)-
● X2 as prevalent in young women than men
● Aged 14-25 x2 prevalence
● Biological and hormonal factors : variation in ovarian hormone levels and
decrease in oestrogen may explain
● Socio-cultural factors: Lack of choice, role overload, and completing social
rules
Suicide-
● 90% suicides associated with mental disorders
● Highest rates of suicide with depressive disorder
● 16% attempt again with 2% being fatal
● Those in poorest socio-economic 10x more likely
Male Suicide-
● Men are 3x more likely
● High suicide rates in young men recieved public attention
● Rates middle age men have gone up and become higher risk
● Particularly socio-economic disadvantage
Male suicide Factors-
1. Masculinity
2. Relationship breakdown
3. Men in ‘mid years’ today
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