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Cell Biology Exam 4 Evan Kaplan|145 Answered Questions| A+ Graded
Cell Biology Exam 4 Evan Kaplan|145 Answered Questions| A+ Graded
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Cell Biology Exam 4 Evan Kaplan|145Answered Questions| A+ Graded
At any one time, a typical eukaryotic cell carries out... - -thousands of
different chemical reactions
-For a cell to operate effectively, the different intracellular processes that
occur simultaneously ... - -must somehow be segregated
-A method of cells isolating/organizing reactions is confining different
metabolic processes within different membrane-enclosed compartments or
______________ - -organelles
-Prokaryotic cells usually consist of... - -a single compartment enclosed by
the plasma membrane
-Eukaryotic cells are sub-divided by ____________________ - -internal
membranes
-The ____________ ______________ _____________ in eukaryotic cells are all
distinct, each contain a unique set of large and small molecules that
determine its specialized function - -membrane-enclosed organelles
-Organelles occupy nearly __________ the volume of a eukaryotic cell - -half
-In a typical mammalian cell, the area of the endoplasmic reticulum
membrane is ______________ than that of the plasma membrane - -20-30
times greater
-In terms of area and mass, the plasma membrane is only a _____________
________________ in most eukaryotic cells - -minor membrane
-Each organelle obtains its ___________ from the _____________, where they
are made, to the compartment where they are used - -proteins, cytosol
-Proteins are being produced _________________ - -continually
-Newly made proteins must be accurately delivered to their ______________
______________, where they will perform their function - -appropriate
organelle
-Directing new proteins to _____________________________ is necessary for any
cell to grow, divide, and function properly - -their correct organelle
, -For the interior of the ___________ , __________ , ___________ , ___________ , and
____________ , proteins are delivered directly from the cytosol - -nucleus,
mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and ER
-For the ER, some proteins ________________________ but most are
____________________ - -stay there, transported by vesicles to the Golgi and
then onward to other organelles/the plasma membrane
-The _______________ and _______________ also make some of their proteins - -
mitochondria and chloroplasts
-The synthesis of most proteins in the cell begins at.... - -ribosomes located
in the cytosol
-_______________ ________________ is the process of transporting a protein to
its destination where it will function - -Protein sorting
-A particular segment of the proteins' amino acid sequence will act as a
________________ _______________ that is involved in directing the protein to a
particular organelle/location - -sorting signal
-____________ _____________ ______________ direct the movement of (or sort)
proteins. They are comprised of a continuous stretch of 15-60 __________
___________ long. - -sorting signal sequences, amino acids
-Removal of a signal sequence from an ER protein... - -converts it to a
cytosolic protein
-Addition of a signal sequence to a cytosolic protein... - -converts it to an ER
protein
-A protein that lacks a sorting signal will... - -remain and function in the
cytosol
-_______________ _________________ are another form of targeting proteins to
specific locations; never removed; commonly used for directing proteins to
the nucleus - -signal patches
-Signal patches are made up of amino acids that are _______________ to one
another in the primary sequence, but _______________ to each other in the
tertiary structure of the folded protein - -distant, come closer
-Proteins are transported throughout the cells by various mechanisms: - --
Through nuclear pores
- Across organelle membranes
- By transport vesicles
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