This timeline covers the Development of dictatorship in Germany and World War 2, covering the entire GCSE Edexcel History textbook concisely. Labelled with different colours for different purposes, this timeline is a very easy and efficient mode of study.
YEAR KEY WORDS, PURPOSE, EFFECT
1918 - People who signed armistace were called the “November
Criminals”
Armistace
- Germany had to accept responsibility for the outbreaks of WW1
and pay reparations.
Kaiser exiled - Rioting because Germans blamed Kaiser for their defeat.
1919 - Weimar Republic - parliamentary democracy:
- Guaranteed freedom of speech, religion and equality.
New constitution
- Men AND women over 20 could vote
- Opposition to the Weimar constitution:
- Some Germans wanted the Kaiser to return,
- many senior figures didn’t support the democracy
- Some wanted a communist revolution like in Russia.
- National Assembly met in Weimar because Berlin was too
dangerous
- Proportional representation. Gave everyone a say, but led to some
extremist groups gaining power and coalitions - unstable
government.
- Article 48 - emergency decree, President could pass laws without
Reichstag approval.
Spartacist uprising
- Communists tried to set up a communist government.
- Occupied the headquarters of the government newspaper,
telephone offices, tried to bring a general strike.
, - Difficult to end the revolt because of limited troops.
- Government used Freikorps (volunteer soldiers)
- Freikorps hated communism, so stopped the revolt quickly.
- Alsace Lorraine given to France
Treaty of Versailles
- Eupen and Malmedy given to Belgium
- War Guilt
- Reparations of 136,000 million marks
- Military forces cut - no tanks or submarines, army limited to
100,000 men and could only be used internally.
German Workers’ - Led by Anton Drexler.
party formed - Hitler worked for the army to monitor activities of extreme political
groups.
- He gathered information from the Workers’ party, but agreed with
their ideals;
- Democracy was weak
- Jews were to blame for weakness
- Socialists had betrayed Germany by signing the Treaty of
Versailles.
1920 - happened because Ebert tried to disband two Freikorps units.
- Freikorps marched into Berlin to declare Dr. Wolfgang Kapp leader.
Kapp Putsch
- Kapp = extreme Nationalist , had support of army officers
- German army refused to stop Freikorps. They felt sympathetic.
- Ebert moved the government out of Berlin
- Ebert brought about a general strike: gas, water, electricity
- City was not able to function.
- Kapp didn’t have support he needed, so fled to Sweden.
- Freikorps disbanded
- Showed that the government had little military power.
1921 - Hitler was in charge of propaganda for the German Workers’ Party
- Renamed it to NSDAP (national socialist German workers’ party)
Hitler becomes
- Anti-communist ideals, antisemitism to blame people for
leader of Nazis
Germany’s defeat, destruction of the Treaty of Versailles.
- Party increased to 1,100
- They bought a newspaper (People’s Observer)
- Hitler introduced the swastika and arm salute, and controlled the
party like a military leader.
- Powerful connections like General Ludendorff.
- Stormtroopers were the SA
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