Content Coverage:
The written notes cover a wide range of physics topics, as outlined in the IGCSE Coordinated Sciences syllabus. These topics encompass mechanics, thermal physics, waves, electricity and magnetism, optics, and modern physics. Each topic is likely presented in a structured and cohe...
distance displacement is the distance travelled in a given
direction, eg. left, right, NESWetc.
ch
distance tells us now far something has moved
t speed tells us how much distance has been
S
travelled per second or per hour
speed time
tells us
velocity how much displacement
VECTOR AND SCALAR
Scalar is a quantity
that has magnitude butno direction
vector is a quantity thathas magnitude AND acts in a
particular direction.
displacement/time taken
velocity:
GRAPHS
VELOCITYTIME
a
way of illustrating how the velocity of an objectchanges
during a period of time
area under
thefaster
something
- graph
I
I
accelerates,
the Steeper
- IIIIIIII)
distance
the line Will
travelled be
time (S)
ACCELERATION
if an objectis accelerating, means its
it
velocity is changing
V -
Y
acceleration -
↳ because acceleration can act
forwards
t or backwards, acceleration is a
vector
quantity and a
not scalar
V final
=
velocity
U initial velocity acceleration can also be
=
↳*
negative
t time decceleration/slowing down
=
taken this is
, EFFECTS ONFORCES
a
gle force acting on a object is said to be unbalanced.
forces act
it more On an
object then the forces may be
balanced OR unbalanced.
size of the unbalanced force is found by adding
up any forces
which i
act n the same direction and by SuD tracting any
forces which act in the opposite direction.
NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION
1. an object motion in
constant
will remain rest
at or in a
a straight line unless acted upon
by an unbalanced force
2. force mass X acceleration (F ma)
= =
3. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
INERTIA:the resistance any physical objectto any
of
change in its the objects
velocity. This includes changes to
speed, or direction of motion. The bigger the mass, the
bigger the inertia.
newtons 2nd law
F mx a
=
Ente/
Isaac Newton said:
·
if an objectis stationary, an unbalanced force will
start
itmoving
·
if an objectis already moving, an unbalanced force
will speed itup, slow itdown or change its direction
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