This summary sheet lists sociologists that discuss age inequality under a range of theoretical perspectives such as Marxism, Weberian and feminist. This information applies mainly to OCR paper two, in particular the 40 marker. However these sociologists can apply to other areas of the course.
INTERPRETIVIST / WEBERIAN FEMINIST FUNCTIONALISM MARXISM / NEO POSTMODERNISM
INTERACTIONIST MARXISM
PROUT AND JAMES - WEBER - ARBER AND GINN - PARSONS (MIDDLE GRAMSCI - POLHEMUS -
-age categories are class- -older women face AGE) - -false consciousness in -youth is a non-
socially constructed and youths have low inequalities older men -based on gender roles the form of child benefits homogenous group:
vary in different societies income and part time don't e.g. Alisha Dixon -instrumental- men as and pensions being/looking youthful is
e.g. age of consent and jobs, middle age have replacing Arlene Phillips breadwinner + provider -elderly and youth don't no longer exclusive to
drinking age most power and peak on Strictly, but older -expressive- women question exploitation kids/teens
of careers and elderly male judges stayed have caring role through labour markets -they shop at
CARRIGAN AND have income reduction Sontag-supports as -men and women face accepting zero hour supermarket of style-
SZMIGIN - due to state pensions women less likely in pressure in middle age contracts for example pick and mix culture
-elderly are depicted as status- higher/visible roles as to conform but needed
caricatures and labelled youths have less they age for value consensus BOND ET AL - LACZKO AND
negatively as smelly and status, middle class Brannen-women dual -political economy of PHILIPSON -
incontinent have highest status burden/pivot gen PARSONS (OLD AGE) - age -inequality faced by
-media creators believe and can buy symbols -elderly have less status -those from lower some elderly was due to
public think elderly are and elderly have less ITZIN - in society once children classes more likely to wealth and not ageing
useless, lonely, status as can’t offer -women face a double have grown upland men suffer poverty in old age itself
dependent and unable to labour standard have retired so they lose -government state
learn party- -men’s status related to their most important pensions are FEATHERSTONE AND
youths can’t vote, employment but social role within family inadequate and lower HEPWORTH (E.G.
COHEN - middle age are women’s to reproductive -disengagement theory social classes are UNIVERSITY OF THE
-mods (smart clothes engaged with politics cycle discriminated against THIRD AGE) -
and mopeds) and and have protection -older women feel CUMMING AND -de-differentiation- life
rockers (leather jackets from trade unions e.g. immense pressure to HENRY - VINCENT - stages become less
and motorbikes) moral NEU and elderly are fight signs of ageing; -the way society treats -age is a potential clear e.g. Botox
panic vulnerable and cosmeticisation old has benefits for source of conflict, -de-institutionalisation-
-small clash on Clacton- ignored- charities like -ageing men don't find society discrimination and society’s institutions
on-sea gave evidence of Age.UK help the same pressures -social disengagement exploitation become less associated
deviancy amplification so -Business of Beauty is (encouraged to abandon -needs of the economy with different life
media identified this, PARKIN - Very Ugly Ted Talk: occupational roles) that create age phases-Uni of Third Age
negatively labelled, -young and old kept out beauty gap is difference allows young to take inequality
campaigned for action privileged status between beauty place in labour market -state pensions create PILCHER -
and authorities groups by social standard and actual disadvantage as too low -mask of ageing: elderly
responded segregation beauty EISENSTADT - -retirement age are judged based on
-presented as folk devils -elderly often GANNON - -youths need to go from constructed by appearance rather than
e.g. ‘hoodlums’ ‘wildest segregated in the -androcentric myths child ascribed to capitalism to control what's inside and this
ones’ media and employment -differences in ageing achieved status of adults surplus of labour leads to ageism
-leads to a self fulfilling process to do with -breaking away from
prophecy which BARRON AND lifestyles and family home is difficult + PHILLIPSON -
negatively impacts life NORRIS - expectations placed on emotionally stressful -capitalism needs to
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