12 pages of class notes from grade 9/ A* student for Voyages of Discovery in the Early Elizabethan England Topic in GCSE Edexcel History. Covers Drake's Circumnavigation of the World, the voyages of Sir Walter Raleigh, the settlements and why they failed.
Contains in depth notes, evaluations and...
EARLY
ELIZABETHAN
ENGLAND
Exploration of the New World
and Voyages of Discovery
GCSE Edexcel
Notes and Sample Essay Questions (EQ)
, Explorations and the voyages of discovery:
Why did people choose to go on voyages of discovery?
Conflict with Spain:
● Spain had gold and silver mines in the New World, English desire to attack
and plunder these territories increased as relations with Spain declined as
fear of catholic invasion grew.
Improving technology:
● Development in navigational instruments meant that sailors could make
longer voyages, such as the astrolabe.
● New ship designs enabled expeditions to be planned across the Atlantic with
stronger, faster ships with increased capacity
Trade:
● The exportation of woollen cloth accounted for 75% of all exports and brought
in annual custom duties up to £100000. This trade collapsed, merchandise
needed to find new monarchs. This motivated journeys overland/ seas with
Elizabethans establishing agreements with Russia/ India.
Profit and personal gain:
● Many of the English upper class were prepared to put up the money for
overseas voyage for a quick profit eg. attacks on Spanish cargo ships resulted
in big and fast profit or signing as a sailor ensured a regular wage and a way
out of poverty.
Spreading Protestantism:
● Elizabeth explorers aimed to spread protestantism by holding back the
continuing expansion of their catholic enemies.
The influence of the Renaissance:
● Encouraged a thirst for knowledge and adventure The invention of the printing
press enabled books to reach a wider audience which urged sailors to go on
longer voyages.
Spreading civilisation:
● Raleigh named the first American colony ‘Virginia’ after the virgin Queen
Elizabeth. He hoped his voyages would ‘civilise’ other cultures as they will
take “marvellous delight in any garment- as a shirt, a gown, a cap”
“They shall be reduced from unseemly customs to honest manners”
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