World Health Organisation states that mental health is defined as a state of mental well-being
When every individual realises their own potential, is able to cope with life stresses and makes
contributions to the community (Chapter in the book, page 333).
A common perception about mental well-being and health is that they cannot co-exist. However,
Charities like MIND are attempting to change that view (Chapter in the book, page 334).
Mental capital includes cognitive (how flexible and efficient they learn) and emotional resources
(social skills and resilience in stress) (Chapter in the book, page 334). A report in 2008 implements the impo
they affect behaviour and social inclusion.The conclusion to the report states mental well-being and capital s
book, page 334).
The Dual Axis model suggests mental well-being is separate to mental health. Different to
WHO’s views. The model suggests it's possible to have mental ill-health and good well-being.
For example, a person with ill-health which is controlled could have amazing employment and
A good well-being.
It also has different implications for practice. By stating wellbeing and health aren't the same,
it implies everyone can improve their well-being despite how poor their mental health is. For
Example, someone who is subjected in a stressful job and has also lost a loved one may not
suffer from a mental illness yet have poor mental health. A person with a mental illness is in
The best possible situation. This is because if it is controlled they would have a positive sense
of well-being. However, someone who hasn't got it in control would have difficult coping, suffer
From low self-esteem and poor mental well-being. (Chapter in the Book, Page 334)
The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) is a scale of
positively 14 worded items, with 5 categorised responses for assessing a
population mental well-being that was conducted in 2006 (Chapter in the book, page 335). Since then, the O
Well-being as a part of ONS Measuring National Well-being programme (Chapter in the book, page 335).
The ONS produce tables showing how the UK compares with other countries
of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, this was
published in 2015 showing nearly 74% of UK people being in good or better
health in 2013 higher than OECD average 68%. 91% of people in Great Britain
Reported being satisfied with family life in 2012 whereas 95% of people in Iceland
were most satisfied compared to 65% of people in Korea. (Chapter in the Book, page 335)
page 335)
A2
Socioeconomic factors are factors that influence how much money someone has, their occupation. However
grow up with everything can lack the security of knowing they are loved and therefore may not develop the m
grow up knowing they are loved may have a better mental wellbeing because they learn to be creative and r
1 in 4 British adults suffering from mental health problems have debt issues whereas 1 in 10 people without
suffering from mental illness are 2.3 times more likely to fall into money issues, 2.8 times to suffer from home
Cost of living crisis is an example of how different status is affected differently. This is because adults and ch
For example, with energy bills rising and tempters going down, adults and children will require heating to kee
get additional money to afford the rising bills and what budgets to cut, this will impact the children as well be
their parents just can't afford it anymore. As a result of rising energy bills, the energy bill discount scheme ha
bills under the Warm Home Discount scheme. But concerns remain for people missing out including the mor
stuck on £140 but now has been raised to £150 and automatically discounted from bills. However, nearly 50
, previously entitled to assistance as The government said they are prioritising those in desperate need (BBC
due to the stress and ineligibility of the scheme.
It is shown that individuals suffering with mental health issues are more likely to be in low-paid employment t
issues have employment in comparison to 74% of the general population and 65% of other health conditions
problem solving, memory and communication skills (THE FACTS, n.d.). In addition, the majority of people su
decision making skills are affected in timeframes of poor mental health (THE FACTS, n.d.):
● 93% spend more than usual
● 92% find it hard making financial decisions
● 74% resist paying bills
● 71% avoid creditors
● 56% take out loans.
As a result, people with poor mental health are 4 times more likely to go without gas or electricity because th
Poor mental health has different risk factors. One factor includes parents facing poor mental health so as A r
issues. For parents from ethnic backgrounds, discrimination can affect their mental health. This could be sho
the fear and embarrassment of Being singled out in public. Another risk factor affecting children's mental hea
negative emotions that can create ‘fight or flight’ And fear at a young age.
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory states child development is a complex system of relationships A
2020). The theory states to study child development they must look at the child's immediate environment but
sections:
● The micro system - Most influential level, most immediate settings such as family or school.
● The mesosystem - Interactions between parents, siblings, friends and teachers.
● The ecosystem - Formal and informal social structures.
● The macrosystem - Cultural elements
● The chronosystem - Major life transitions and historical events. (Guy-Evans, 2020)
Genetics are properties or features of an organism and characteristics. Mental disorders are both results of g
mental disorders in addition,it is also difficult for professionals to identify risks of inheriting mental disorders o
Hormonal changes at puberty and during menopause mood swings can occur and hormone changes may ca
brain for example, types of dementia may affect mental wellbeing and mental health negatively (Chapter in
suggested autism, ADHD, clinical depression, bipolar and schizophrenia may involve common genetic risk fa
Mental illnesses may be inherited in family generations. This suggests people who have family members suf
themselves. Experts believe mental illness links to abnormalities in genes rather than a minority and that gen
mental health and do not develop the illness. Interactions between genes can trigger mental illness. For exa
health. Many studies into twins and family histories have proven mental illnesses have genetic connections (
professionals have identified the genetic changes that could increase the risk (Do you inherit your parent’s m
Goleman defines Emotional intelligence as "the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of other
relationships." (www.linkedin.com, n.d.). They are two basic principles associated with emotional intelligence
your emotions for your own and others emotions (www.linkedin.com, n.d.). Secondary emotional intelligence
Being able to understand and manage your own emotions can help positively with an individual's mental wel
They are different positive factors that help reduce the negative effects of mental health and well-being. A go
relationships with. The attachment theory by Bowlby states a human's first attachment is formed in infancy w
theory states caregivers can vary in levels of sensitivity and responsiveness because not all infants attach to
attachment behaviours or attachment transactions (Mcleod, 2017).
P2/M2
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the manual American psychiatrist's use
1952 and updated in 2013 after years of 1500 experts discussing issues (Chapter in the book, page 339). Th
personality disorders. The order of the disorders was reorganised in the 2013 update where disorders were