Complete notes on the first subtopic of the AQA Alevel History, Democracy & Nazism from an A* student!!!
This includes information on;
-The social, political & economic impacts of WW1
-The October Reform 1918
-The November Revolution 1918
As part of my ALevel studies, I compiled down my n...
Although Germany had a victory in Russia Had thought that the war would
in this same year, this could not be over by the winter of 1914, so By 1917, the accumulation of
counteract with fighting the US were greatly unprepared for shortages, high prices, bleak
another 4 years of fighting military situation, began to affect 2
public mood leading to social
Limitations of the German war economy. America had joined the discontentment
Imperial Germany totally unprepared for war in 1917 - suddenly This outcome would
the economic cost of a prolonged war. competing against never had been predicted
Even after trying to make efforts to Due to British Naval
someone with a fresh by many in Germany.
increase arms productions, the economy G experienced food
economy and military SOCIAL
Where the 'Stab in the early into the
at this point was far to dislocated to
back' myth originated
match the necessary requirements.
By the autumn of 1918 it was clear that Real earnings fell by around
Also had another motive in Germany was heavily losing the war to the Allies 20-30% as a result of inflation
regards to replacing the gov Army had to fight the war on WHY WERE GERMANY
system. Wanted to try to shift the both fronts - East & West FACING MILITARY DEFEAT? As a result of loosing the war, and being in a
responsibility for G's defeat away
from the military & conservative WW1 war in the first place, Germany faced many
domestic impacts of the war POLITICAL
forces and instead put the blame Failure to achieve rapid victory in the summer of 1914. Their
onto the new leadership whole strategy (the Shlieffen Plan) was built off of quick victory but
this was not achieved. By autumn of 1914 the plan had failed.
Between ECONOMIC
Huge 'blow' for German 1913 and War financed by
pop who all this time 1917 the printing more
had been told they were General Ludendorff realised that G were not
winning, to now be told going to win the war, so he realised he needed to The collapse of Imperial mark lost
Cost of the
money &
75% of its borrowing - led to
they are essentially try and please the Allies in order to get a better Germany value
war = £8,394 million inflation
surrendering peace deal after the war
Realised the Allies do not like the Kaiser and their Not including the £6.6 billion they would
The October November Despite workers having to work mo
autocratic system - tried to amend this by making then have to pay in reparations
Reform 1918 Revolution 1918 below the inflation rate. Average pri
a more democratic regime Germany between 1914 and 1918, w
rose by only 50-75%
Prince Max wrote 9th November = SPD called on workers to
On 3rd October 1918 Prince Max of a letter to Ludendorff's AIMS OF join a general strike to force the K to
Started as a
Baden was appointed chancellor President Wilson THE REFORM abdicate & threatened to withdraw support
naval mutiny on General Groener (leader of arm
asking for an 3rd November from gov if Kaiser did not abdicate. the army would no longer fig
Introduced constitutional armistice 1918
reforms which turned G into a Response was not what 1. Keep his
parliamentary monarchy L had hoped for: own reputation Max knew he could not govern without SPD, so
when Kaiser still refused, Max took matters in his Kaiser was
Took Wilson 3 weeks to reply - Then spread across the country decision than
own hands and issued a statement saying that
G must evacuate all sceptical of it at first 2. Get better deals as workers and soldiers THE 9TH N
the K had abdicated
occupied territory Fully after the war councils were established
(System of
gov with parl democratise
but with it's political He ended up fee
Call an end to 3. Keeping stability in the Max then resigned as Chancellor (due to this
monarch as system to Netherland
submarine warfare country & please the people decision he had just made) and passed it
head of state) onto Ebert - leader of SPD
^^ Essentially demanded for G to surrender & the abdication of
the Kaiser. Too much for L to accept
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