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|Psychos Unit 1 Cheat sheet quotes
Biological
Neurotransmitters
-Aron et al (2004): Dopamine --> pleasure seeking --> helps in sex (sex arousal), a natural ‘high’
Evolutionary Influence
-Buss (1989) : male attracted to young & physically attractive female, wide hips ↑ contraceptive rates
Localisation of brain functions
Broca's and Wernicke’s area
Romantic
-Trivers (1972): relationship between older men and younger women, parental investment theory
Drug therapy
-Soomro (2008): 17 studies using SSRI shows superiority to placebo in treating OCD, side effects nausea, headache, 250,000 attempted
suicide
-Laing (1965): reductionist approach ignores the experience of distress that goes along with mental illness
Raine – 41 NGRI murderers
-Yang and Raine (2009): 43 imaging studies ↓prefrontal activity ↑ antisocial behaviour ↑concurrent validity
-Taylor et al (2000): men react to stressful events with 'fight or flight' response whereas women show 'tend and befriend' response
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Behaviourist
Humans are born like blank slates
-Watson (1913): any infant can be trained into “specialist” or “beggarman”
Humans learn through conditioning
-Pavlov (1902): learning through association
-Skinner (1938): learning through reinforcement
Humans and animals learn in similar ways
-Pavlov SD, Skinner token economy
Pet owner
-having pets ↓depression & blood pressure in stressful situations
SD
-Capafon (1998): clients with the fear of flying ↓ physiological signs of fear in a flight simulation following 12-25 weeks of treatment
Watson & Rayner – Little Albert
-challenge psychodynamic: thumb sucking not sexual pleasure -> stress reliever & repressed feelings formed by conditioning
-Seligman (1970): biological preparedness – genetically programmed can't be unlearnt, adaptive alleles
-Mowrer(1947): 2-process theory
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