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DNA Replication and DNA Repair Part 2 £6.99
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  2.  
  3. Queen Mary, University Of London (QMUL)
  4.  
  5. Biochemistry
  6.  
  7. Cell biology

Lecture notes

DNA Replication and DNA Repair Part 2

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Part 2 of DNA Replication and repair, specifically looking at how chromosomes are replicated using accessory proteins and summarising all the proteins forming the machine in DNA replication. Analysing each of these proteins in detail: DNA topoisomerases, telomerase and so on. Briefly looking at the...

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  • June 6, 2017
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  • 2014/2015
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DNA replication and DNA repair
Learning Outcomes
1. Explain how the ends of the chromosomes are replicated
2. Outline the importance of DNA repair
3. Describe DNA repair mechanisms

A sliding ring holds a moving DNA polymerase onto the DNA
- Most DNA polymerase molecules will synthesize only a short string of nucleotides before
falling off the DNA template
- The tendency to dissociate from the DNA allows the DNA polymerase that has just
synthesised an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand to be RECYCLED
- This rapid dissociation however is NOT GOOD for long DNA strands to be synthesised

An accessory protein functions as a regulated sliding clamp
 Keeps the polymerase firmly on the DNA when
it is moving
 Releases the polymerase as soon as it runs
into a Double-stranded DNA
 Forms a large ring around DNA double helix
o One side of the ring binds to the back
of the DNA polymerase
o The whole ring slides freely along the
DNA as the polymerase moves
 The assembly of the clamp around DNA
requires
o ATP hydrolysis by the clamp loader [a
special protein complex]
o This hydrolyses ATP as it loads the
clamp onto a primer-template
junction
o Leading strand  loading needs to
occur once
 DNA polymerase is tightly
bound to the clamp, the 2
remain associated for a long
time
o Lagging strand  polymerase releases itself from the clamp and dissociates from
the template DNA strand
 Polymerase molecule then associates with a new clamp that is assembled to
a RNA primer of the next Okazaki fragment
 The clamp is removed and reattached each time a new Okazaki fragment is
made

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