Essay
Women’s civil rights in USA
- Institution
- OCR
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WomenBackground
-Women wanted social, economic and political rights
-Radical feminists
-Phyllis Schlafly vs Betty Friedan
Women were more divided than united on the issue of gender equality
Women were divided on all aspects of gender equality socially, politically, economically
-divided due to differences between groups of women-> race, religion and political beliefs which
informed their goals for equality
-moments of united e.g., temperance movement
POLITICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL
P= Politically women were more P= Economically women were P= Socially women were divided
divided than united more united but as a whole to a large extent
E= WTUL formed in 1903-> aim they were still largely divided E= Roe v Wade case in 1973
to unite women from all classes E= during early period, some legalized the right for women to
to work toward better, fairer women believed they did not have an abortion. Controversial
working conditions- vote not at belong in the workforce and because abortion was seen to
the forefront of WTUL agenda & therefore saw their be wrong by Christians as it
believed the vote would responsibility at home as a ended an unborn life and
overturn fundamental women's mother and taking care of the Republicans were conservative
CR laws gained in 1890s-> by house. Other women disagreed so were also against abortions.
1900 almost every state passed as there were 15% of women in HOWEVER, radical feminists
legislation granting women the the labor force in 1870-> wanted more ownership of
right to keep their own wage showing that women did not their body and how many
and to own property in their believe they should be at home children they wanted and
own name- WTUL didn’t want and depend on their husband abortion gave them full
to lose this for finances HOWEVER small autonomy over their body. Rape
-NWSA & AWSA both fought for number of women in the victims and women who had
women gaining the vote workforce meant they were unwanted pregnancies felt
however they differed on the vulnerable to exploitation discriminated against as they
level they wanted the vote. especially during the GD in the wanted abortions to be legal
NWSA wanted on federal level 1930s like RF. BF supported the
whereas AWSA only wanted on -WTUL formed in 1903 but only legalization of abortion as she
state level-> differing attitudes organization fighting for felt it empowered women. PS
regarding the campaign for the economic reform which shows was Catholic, Republican and
vote meant the issue wasn’t that some women believed that Anti-Feminist so severely
taken seriously or as powerful economic reform was not as condemned abortion. ->disunity
as they would’ve been if both important as they did not of women decreased the
organizations were united campaign for it as they did for effectiveness
, -Suffrage groups also differed in the vote (there was several -PS and BF also disagreed on the
their approach-> AWSA had a suffrage groups but only 1 TU ERA. Anti-Feminists opposed
moderate approach but the group).-> WTUL declined in late ERA claiming women would be
NWSA, on the other hand, had a 1920s due to financial problems subject to the draft for war
more aggressive approach. The which decreased the which was scary due to horrors
differing methods decreased effectiveness of the WTUL of WW2 and the Cold war at the
the effectiveness of the Suffrage -During GD women first to be time + ERA attacks women who
movement as aims clashed laid off and wages decreased want to be housewives. RF
-The representation showed even though their wages were believed ERA would give
that women were divided-> 32% less than men’s which was women the gender equality
1972 Shirley Chisholm ran for due to the lack of activism in they had been demanding since
presidency, but she didn’t get this aspect of gender inequality the US constitution would be
nearly as many votes as she -HOWEVER, support for the equally applied to them too. -
should have as women made up WTUL was a testament of unity >division led to ERA not being
more than 50% of the of women for economic reform ratified even after 1992
population-> lack of votes -> support included middle- and -HOWEVER, women were
showed only some women lower-class women- showing united on the temperance
supported the representation of even more unity. Strike in 1909 movement. -> aimed for the
women-> only after 1992 was saw an uprising of 20,000 banning sale of alcohol because
there a female vice president workers on the streets of NY, alcohol was a major factor for
and took until 1981 for a female 15,000 of which were female the causes of domestic violence.
to hold the SC -->shows workers. This strike was about There was such unity because
progress slowed due to disunity wages and working conditions. no matter what race, religion,
HOWEVER- some unity as 75% turnout was women political standpoint any woman
AWSA & NWSA merged in 1890 demonstrates that women were was, they were affected by the
which influenced the passing of majorly united in this matter overused of alcohol. The unity
the 19th amendment and wanted change of the temperance movement
L= Economically women still was demonstrated through the
divided on whether they WCTU formed in 1873- fought
wanted economic reform or if it to ban sale of alcohol. Anti-
was important since some Salon League founded 1893-
women still believed in the fought for prohibition.
traditional view that women Combined efforts of the 2
should stay home, and others organizations led to 18th
believed they should go out and amendment being passed in
work 1917 which banned the sale,
import and manufacture of
alcohol which was due to the
unity of women.
HOWEVER, due to the Molly
Pitcher club and the Women’s
Organization for Prohibition
Reform, the 18th amendment
was repealed in 1933 through
the 21st amendment.
A= Temperance movement
ineffective due to division of
women as prohibition only
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