This document details the analysis of the function and role of Horatio in the Shakespearean tragedy "Hamlet." This character analysis includes notes, quotes and main points that are important to know about Horatio in "Hamlet", to then be used to support your English Literature essay in your exam.
Horatio’s role in the opening of the play is to act as a witness to the Ghost. Horatio is Hamlet’s
best friend and hence a trusted confidante of his. If it wasn’t for him, it’s likely that Hamlet
would not have believed that the Ghost of his father appeared in Denmark. It’s arguable therefore
that Horatio set the play into motion and so he enables Hamlet to fulfil his function.
Horatio’s role is also crucial in conveying the uncertainty in the opening of the play, that is
important to portray themes like Denmark’s stability and the plot/outcome of the play. He also
sets up the setting for the play.
“Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.” Horatio is the character that informs the audience
on the state of Denmark and sets them up for the rest of the plot. This statement foreshadows
how King Claudius will directly impact the state of Denmark. Links to Oedipus because the sins
of a king and the punishment of his sins will be taken out in Denmark. This also links to the idea
of the body politic.
Horatio contrasts his believed state of Denmark (“rotten”). He represents stability and goodness
in Denmark as he remains loyal to his friend throughout the entire play (contrary to characters
like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern) and is presented as a faithful, intelligent, and virtuous person.
“What art thou that usurp’st this time of night Together with that fair and warlike form In which
the majesty of buried Denmark Did sometimes march? By heaven, I charge thee, speak”
Horatio recognises the darkness and sinister nature surrounding King Hamlet’s presence.
“Usurp” - symbolic of the sinful nature of the ghost – he has taken the position of a spirit
forcefully
“Fair and warlike form” - Horatio recognises this is the silhouette of the previous King
“I charge thee speak” - Challenges the idea that Horatio is a passive character – he fulfils his
function as a guard of the Kingdom – he approaches the Ghost rationally and fulfils his duty.
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