Clear and comprehensive revision material to target A Level exam success. Aimed at the OCR History A exam; Y319 Civil Rights in the USA. Notes break down the content into positives and negatives for each decade. This includes the required focus time periods (The Gilded Age, The New Deal, Black Powe...
1865-9 +ve 1865-9 -ve
1865 13th Amendment. Slaves formally freed. 1865- Societal failures. Low literacy rates. 1 in 20
1865 Freedman’s Bureau Bill. Initiated by Radical AAs can read. Low wages, long hrs (esp.
Republicans. Intended to last 1 year. Aid via sharecroppers). Little economic equality
education, health care, employment. (Help was between AAs and whites.
limited). 1865ish- Black Codes. Southern laws-
1865 Frederick Douglass campaigns for civil discriminatory, allowed attacks on AAs etc.
rights. Opponent of slavery. Raised awareness via 1865 Johnson tried to oppose CR legislation
speeches. May 1866- brutal opposition to citizenship of
Dec 1865 Joint Congressional Committee of AAs. In race riots in Memphis, 46 AAs killed. New
Fifteen established. Pushed through 14th and 15th Orleans, 35.
Amendments. Sanctioned military support for 1867 KKK established by Nathan Forest in
Reconstruction in South. Nashville. Intimidated and attacked AAs &
1866 Civil Rights Act. Guaranteed legal equality workers of Freedman’s Bureau. Tried to stop AAs
for blacks. attending schools/voting.
1866 2nd Freeman’s Bureau Act. Provided 1868 2,000 deaths and injuries of AAs in
additional help for blacks. Congress overrode Louisiana. White violence= acceptable in S. No
Johnson’s veto to pass this. acceptance of AAs as equal citizens. Violence>to
1867 First Reconstruction Act. Guarantees AA’s discourage/punish AAs with sexual liaisons with
right to vote. AAs can be elected to be delegates. whites. Strong military presence and fed
1868 14th Amendment. AAs given citizenship determination to uphold laws required.
(protection under the law).
Thus, AAs gained political rights, representation
and education. CR established in theory
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