Lecture notes consist of material provided by the lecturer (black text), names and dates of research studies (red text) and information for extra reading that I added myself (purple text).
Lecture 3: Brain development and the perinatal diet
Perinatal Pertaining to the period immediately before and after birth.
Does what you eat as an infant have long term implications?
A Major Problem
75% of pre-school children in Asia, Africa and South America are underweight for
their age. However, obesity and overweight is also an issue but focus will be on
malnutrition and the effects malnutrition has.
Kaplan (1972):
Winick et al. (1970): Jamaican babies who died of malnutrition had a low number of
brain cells. 3/16 had less than 40% of the typical number. Suggests brain damage
as a result of poor nutrition.
Naeye et al. (1969): Studied 252 babies from the USA and found that those from
poor families had brains 15% smaller. Sample was of infants who died close to birth
so the sample was not randomly selected, may have been other important variables
involved. Additionally, it does not seem to be an extreme difference but it does show
that there is a phenomenon.
Studies above were not experimental designs, they were observations so not highly
controlled or randomised, again it is likely that those who are malnourished also have
other aspects of their lives which may lead to the effects that are being put down to
malnutrition. For example the correlates below...
Correlates of malnutrition: These variables have been found to be highly correlated
with malnutrition so it may be these that are having an effect on what is being
studied.
o Disease
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