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Summary Core Physical Geography (Topic 1-3)

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This document consists of full-length notes on the physical core topics in A-level geography including, Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology, Atmosphere and Weather and Rocks and weathering. Each topic is explained in depth with definitions and figures for assistance. Each topic ends with human fact...

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  • Yes
  • July 10, 2017
  • 43
  • 2013/2014
  • Summary

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Paper 1: Core Geography

Physical core

Topic 1: Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology
1.1 The Drainage Basin System

Hydrological Cycle -> cycle of water between air, land, sea

Drainage Basin -> Area of land that drains water by river and it’s tributaries, land where any precipitation
will drain into

Drainage basin = Open System allows movement of energy and matter across boundaries:

• 1 main input: Precipitation

• 2 outputs: Evapotranspiration and overland flow

• 3rd output: Leakage -> Occur from deeper subsurface to other basins

Water Storage in cycle:
• Interception storage (vegetation)
• Surface Storage
• Soil moisture storage
• Groundwater storage
• Channel storage

Human Modifications (example)
 Large scale changes of channel flow and storage
 Irrigation (supply water) and land drainage
 Large scale abstraction of groundwater and surface water for domestic/industrial use
 Urbanization -> converting land into concrete surface

Watershed – Catchment area of drainage basin

Drainage Density
 Total length of all streams in drainage basin divided by total area of drainage basin
 Measures how well/poorly water is drained by stream channels
 More streams, better drained (steeper rising limb and peak flow)

Stream Ordering
 Numbering streams part of drainage basin network
 1st order streams – numerous
 Higher order streams - fewer

Bifurcation Ratio
 Ratio of num of stream segments of one order to number of
next higher order
 BR low, less than 2.5 means it’s complex (branched)
 BR high, large num of 1st order streams joining main channel (higher risk of flood)
 Example:
Stream order 1 = 27

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