1930s development. We can say that the US is responsible for Jazz and hip-hop. live jazz spilled out of south into northern cities along with migration of AAS. Radio
is vitally important because it allows people to listen to music, it creates music and sports stars louie armstrong, duke ellington, count basie age of silver screen,
movies had music in.
Prohibition allowed gangsters to emerge and become notorious Jazz gives african americans an identity Age of celebrity promoted by newspapers, magazines and cinema newsreels film stars like babe ruth. al capone gangster.
Images of permeating popular culture helped to shape americas vision of itself Some sport developments- black players in baseball- Jesse owens 36 olympics , babe ruth Consumerism is symbolised by the automobile with ford enabling a new
The jazz age added glitter to the american dream kind of social mobility through mass car ownership.Previously Luxury goods were now considered within reach of normal families
Jazz age
Through mass production and pay by installation purchasing, aided by advertising
Golden gate bridge built
repealed in 1933 but previously popular, the volstead act after the 18th amendment passed due to wide political and social support.
Empire state in new york
Boulder dam in in colorado, movie theatres, art deco hotels outward face of prosperit
Prohibition came under attack from powerful forces of criminal gangs some Americans left out of jazz age in more rural areas.
Producing, importing and distributing alcohol was taken over by criminal gangs prohibition and its Jesse owens sponsored by addidas - first person to be sponsored
There was a production of homemade “moonshine” failure
Enforcement was very difficult as there were too few law enforcers who worked on small budgets
Women and men began to dress like movie stars
Millions of americans ignored these laws and so did Harding and al smith who were drinkers too
More consumerism and normalcy under harding and coolidge
Police corruption allowed organised crime to get out of control with gang bosses like al capone being glamourised
Urbanisation and rapid expansion of the advertising industry accentuated these trends
A new beureau of investigation (forerunner of the FBI) was set up in 1924
Women were allowed to vote as of 1920
Al capone was sent to prison for 8 years for tax evasion in 1931
Prohibition happened from 1919 until fdr gets rid of it
Corrupt major of NYC was forced to resign in 1932
Prohibition happens largely due to women - the temperance movement
In 1933 beer wine revenue act which loosened restrictions on milder forms of alcohol
New social values not approved by all Americans
At the end of 1933 the eighteenth amendment was voted doen by congress which marked the only repeal of a constitutional amendment)
There was a backlash of social conservatism from rural and smalltown America a
new social values
Backlash in religion in condemnation of modern godlessness by the churches
Most significant advances really only affected the lives of urban, educated females Backlash from popular radio evangalists like billy sunday and aimee semple
Many women hostile to new freedoms Backlash from leaders of new political movements like HUey long and Francis towswtead
By 1920 womens voting rights were confirmed under the constitution Mass support for the KKK in early 1920s
Many women broke in to previously male dominated areas eg nellie taylor ross was elected governor of wyoming in 1925. Hattie caraway was elected senator New values opposed by idealistic voices from the left, agonising over the loss of democratic idealism and concerns for social justice
for arkansas in 1932 Progressivism lost impetus in the new age of materialism and conformity
Frances perkins became the first female cabinet minister in 1933 Sustained reaction against both the liberation of women and prohibition
Margaret sanger campaigned for birth control 1925 scopes monkey trial for teaching evolution - disbarred as a teacher
role of women
Masry bethune campaigned for the rights of AA women
Eleanor roosevelt a role model to women
Diminished optimism that characterised American society in the 1920s
Socially liberated women more common- flappers were what they were called
Urban industrial America experienced mass unemployment, soup kitchens and desperate job seekers crisscrossing the country by jumping freight
For urban women and girls it was suddenly possible to have jobs and disposable income
trains
The image of the new woman was reinforced in magazines and newspapers and in advertising campaigns
social impact of great Rural America went through the equivalent miseries in the years' od the dust bowl
However in rural and poorer areas women continued as they had always done
depression The new del- state intervention created jobs and welare systems and did much to restore national self-belief
The traditional view of womens proper role in society remained - mothers abd loyal wife
Trade unions were able to restore their memberships and influence after the decline during the 1920s conservatives.
social + cultural Okies- Oklahoma small farmers hit hard, forced off their land by soil erosion and dust storms
development 1920-1941 At least 1 mill Okies went west searching for jobs picking fruit in California \too many workers and not enough demand for labour
Gulf in values divided urban America and rural America.
Rebirth in 1915 so by 1920 it had 4 mill members
Hiram Evans the new imperial wizard, David Stephenson grand dragon of Indiana
The monkey rial in dalton tennessee 1925
Edgar young Clark and Elizabeth Tyler leaders of kkk used aggressive marketing techniques to build up membership
The butler act outlawed the teaching of evolution or any theory that might undermine the bibles versions of creations
the plans own newspaper the fiery cross spread the kkk ideology, attacks on big business, german Americans. Communists, Jews, Catholics and african americans
John scopes, a science teacher, defied these laws and taught evolution to his class
March on washington by 40,000 klansmen in 1925
William jennings bryan wanted only bible, clarence darrow was liberal and atheist
The klan was not seen as a terror organisation but was politically respectable and supported by mainstream politicians
social divisions rise of Clarence darrow was a clear winner
Sudden decline of the kk in 1925 was surprising
kkk Scopes was convicted but the state authorities made sure that he did not go to jail n
Fall of the KKK
Butler act stayed in force until 1967
1925 David stephenson convicted of rape and manslaughter and sentences to 25 years in jail
This ruins the klans image as the defender of womanhood and moral purity scopes trial and sacco
Leadership was divided and incoherent without him and vanzetti
Sacco and vanzetti
Elizabeth also died Nicola sacco and bartolomeo vanzetti italian anarchists
Politicians who had been previosuly supporting of the KKK cut ties Sentenced to death for murder in 1921 after an armed robbers in massechusetts
The bursting of the kk bublle, however, did not stop the discrimination against AAS in the south Serious flaws in their trial nbut numerous appeals against the death sentence were rejected
By 1925 controversy over sacco and vanzetti had becone a national obsession with liberals and intellecutals denouncing the conviction as being based on
anti immigrant prejudice
Soutg continued o be outside the mainstream of american life
Social conservatives insisted the verdict be upheld
Attempts to introduce anti lynching law in 1921 were bklocied by southern democrats in the senate
The two men were executed in august 1927
Surge in the migration fo AA to the cities in the north
The growth of the oil industry in louisiana and texas brought some economic modernisation but also furious anti business backlash
Anti lynching passed by house byt blocked by southern democrats in the senate 1921
In 1920 marcus garvey got much support for his united negro improvement association in New York
By 1940 8 percent of the 3.4 million living in chicago were black
Marcus garvey proved a divisive figure and the UNIA split from the NAACP - national association for the advancement of coloured people
In nyc black people made up 6 percent of the 7.4 mill populations
Garvey was sentenced to deportation in 1927
And harem became a vibratnt aa community
regional divisions, In the 1930w the communist party adopted the cause of black rights
Northern cities hit hard by unemployment in the depression
south north and west Communist lawyers successfully defended young black males unfairly sentenced to death for the rape of two white women at Scottsboro in Alabama
They got support from the famous singer paul Robeson who became the best-known communist sympathiser in America
economic groeth in the west There was strenuous opposition from social groups hostile to african americans
LA reached a popualtion fo 1 mill in 1930 Trade union support for african american working rights met similar resistance
Also growth in san diego and dam fransisco due to the aircraft industry Roosevelt was unwilling to give open support because of the democratic parties dependance on the solid south
position of African
The west was not fully integrated with the national economy until ww2 194q philip randolph planned a huge protest march on Washington
Americans
NAs displaced by the rush of western settlement up to 1890 and never reintegrated into american society Roosevelt issued esec order 8802 prohibiting eacial discrimination in the defence industry
In 1924 congress belatedly declared that all native americans were citizens of the united states Critics of roosevelt claimed he could have done much more much sooner than he did
In 1934 roosevelt sined the indian recognition act but this was only poartial restitution of native american rights Real progress in the position in AAS had to wait until after the second war
Ida B Wells, threatens to be lynched, moved to ny campaigns for AA rights, founding member of the NACP, campaigning journalist
Harlem becomes the epicentre of black culture
Loads of white people end up wanting to be in Harlem
Black artists begin to be taken seriously due to coolness of harlem
Introduction of african patterning in fashion
Less control of the arts
Harlem in NY is the best place to be a black person, able to gain a sense of identity, pride, representation and equality
