Lecture notes
Churchill and International Diplomacy 1939 - Chapter 3
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notes from chapter 3 fromOCR A Level History: Britain 1930–1997 textbook
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Chapter 3Churchill and International Diplomacy 1939-1951.
What were Churchill’s views on Britain’s world and imperial roles?
Dramatized war as conflict between democracy and dictatorship.
Role to defend value against the dictatorships. Maintain Empire that used violent
repression to keep control and not allow ‘non-white subjects’ to vote.
Part of coalition of 30 nations – dominated by Big Three.
Britain defeated in 1940- Norway and France.
-1941 played role in world, maintain links with Empire and support from dominions.
Kept alliance with USSR and USA- played major role in way war was fought until
1944, without committing land forces to Europe.
No need for Empire to give support and at time of appeasement policies 1930s – not
all certain self-governing dominions would support war.
USA persuaded – despite making bigger contributions to war effort. Defeat Germany
and follow British ideas of Med war – not opening second front on Germany with
invasion of N. France.
USSR and Britain alliance still
o Soviets- 9 million deaths, 13 million civilian deaths. kept despite amount of
o British- 452,000. losses.
o USA- 420,000.
-Stalingrad: 1 million casualties.
Agreeing to Atlantic charter of 1941- affirming democracy and self-gov principle.
Britain not forced to make any commitment to end Empire at price of US support.
Churchill held onto Britain’s world role as moral leader, champion of civilisation,
influence on war policy and imperial power.
How did Churchill manage his relations with wartime leaders?
Churchill and Roosevelt
‘Natural ally’ to him than Stalin- both head of English speaking democ.
US leader difficult- surface he was charming and sympathetic but had rep for not
committing himself.
Relationship seen as ‘partnership that saved the West’ – Churchill worked hard to
maintain it.
First met in 1918- Roosevelt disliked him.
Churchill made unfavourable remarks about Roosevelt in 1937- quoted by
Roosevelt’s opponent Wendell Willkie in 1940.
US Support and Non-Intervention:
Roosevelt had to be limited – danger of Japanese war, public opinion against
European war.
Nov 1939- The Neutrality Act allowed Britain to purchase American arms.
October- USA declared neutral zone along coast of USA and S. America. US navy
patrolled this to prevent sinking of merchant shipping by Germans.
-Anglo-American naval co-op.
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