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Churchill and International Diplomacy Summary - Chapter 3
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chapter 3 summary of OCR A Level History: Britain 1930–1997 textbook
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Churchill and International Diplomacy 1939-1951.View on Britain’s world and imperial role:
Democracy vs dictatorship, defend values against dictatorship and maintain empire, part of coalition of
30 nations but dominated by Big Three.
1941- to maintain links with Empire, keep alliance with USSR and USA – way war fought until 1944
without committing land forces to Europe.
No need for empire to give support at time of appeasement policies in 1930s as not all self-governing
dominions would support war.
USA persuaded to defeat Germany and continue British ideas of Med war – not open second front on
Germany with Northern France invasion.
Atlantic Charter 1941 – plans for post-war Europe. Britain not have to end empire for USA support,
Churchill held onto Britain’s world role as moral leader.
Churchill and Wartime Leaders
Churchill and Roosevelt:
Natural ally as both speak English.
US leader was difficult – charming and sympathetic but had reputation for not
committing himself.
‘Partnership that saved West’ – worked to maintain.
1918 – Roosevelt disliked him.
1937 – unfavourable remarks made about Roosevelt.
Churchill and Stalin: Churchill and de Gualle:
Clever relentless dictator, supported Close contact with French, willing to send
ideology Churchill hated, but had no troops after Dunkirk and commit air
Churchill andfor
sympathy Wartime Leaders:
communism. resources to France against advice of RAF,
1941- Russia invaded by Hitler, thought offered union between countries in attempt
communism weakened places so Hitler to keep France in war – Northern France
would be successful. pro-Nazi state = Vichy France – concerned
Churchill annoyed by Stalin’s criticism of France would fall to Germany.
failure of invasion of Europe. Britain were brutal against French navy and
Russian effort convinced US that Stalin was sunk 5 ships = making relationships
key figure in alliance – concerned advances impossible and feeling betrayed.
in East Europe would lead to another Hitler. Churchill admired him but he was difficult to
Churchill reverted to old style diplomacy deal with – uncompromising and disliked by
with ‘spheres of influence’ agreements. US.
Didn’t offer help to communists in Greek He was not political leader or high-ranking
Civil War (Britain backed royalists) officer; natural leader of post-war France
1945- accepted Poland would lose but Churchill and Roosevelt wouldn’t accept
territories to Russia, Churchill needed Stalin him.
more than he was needed, protested Churchill had to restrain temper and
against failure to open 2nd front, regarded impatience, de Gualle dependant on British
more of bargaining point than deputy held goodwill.
grievance. Good relationships with Stalin –
less problematic as not fighting alongside
one another, Russians not flood Britain like
US did.
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