Potential questions for Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
for use with Question 8 – Unit 5, October 2023
In unit 5, the last question (question 8) is based on a pre-released scientific article a total of 30 marks.
In this document, you will find potential questions and answer...
IAL Biology Unit 5 - Summary and 10 Key Takeaways for the Scientific Article - October 2023
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WBI05/01– Article potential questions Biology A Level Tutor
Potential questions for Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
for use with Question 8 – Unit 5, October 2023
In unit 5, the last question (question 8) is based on a pre-released scientific article a total of 30
marks.
In this document, you will find potential questions and answers for the Scientific Article for
question 8 for Biology IAL (International Advanced Level) WBIO5/1.
(The article is provided by Pearson Edexcel Examination – October 2023)
This document consists of
o Article Summary (250 words)
o Ten (10) Key Takeaways
o What you should know and understand from this article before the exam.
o Vocabulary and Definitions of unknown words for each paragraph
o 166 potential questions each with its answer
➢ The questions are based on the scientific article
➢ 97% of them are linked to the syllabus, thus this document can be used for
revision as well
➢ Includes definitions
The article is available at the end of this booklet.
1
,WBI05/01– Article potential questions Biology A Level Tutor
Summary of the article (250 words):
The article delves into the fascinating world of fascia, a connective tissue that has long been
overlooked by anatomists. Previously considered a mere wrapping, fascia is now emerging as a
dynamic and potentially crucial component of the human body.
Composed of collagen and elastin fibers, fascia exists in two prominent layers: superficial, beneath
the skin, and deep, encasing muscles and organs. Some researchers even extend the definition to
include visceral fascia and thin connective tissue layers throughout the body, forming a network
that helps hold our bodies together.
Recent investigations have unveiled that fascia is rich in nerves, with various sensory functions.
Superficial fascia senses pressure, temperature, and movement, while deep fascia is involved in
proprioception and nociception, our sense of body position and pain perception. This has led some
experts to consider fascia a potential new sensory organ.
Furthermore, research suggests that inflammation in fascia may play a significant role in chronic
pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia and lower back pain. Chronic inflammation can make fascial
nerves more sensitive to pain, contributing to ongoing discomfort.
The article also highlights the potential impact of factors like hormonal changes and the
sympathetic nervous system on fascial stiffness. While the concept of fascia as an organ is still
debated, it is undeniably a complex and essential part of the body with a growing significance in
understanding various aspects of health and pain.
In conclusion, the study of fascia is evolving rapidly, shedding light on its pivotal role in sensory
perception, pain, and overall bodily health.
2
,WBI05/01– Article potential questions Biology A Level Tutor
Key Take Aways:
1. Fascia, once overlooked, is now recognized as a dynamic tissue with vital roles in sensory
perception and pain.
2. Fascia is composed of strong collagen and elastin fibers and includes "areolar" or "loose"
fascia containing a slimy substance for flexibility.
3. Researchers debate whether fascia should be considered a new sensory organ due to its
rich nerve network (sensory functions).
4. Studies indicate that nerves in fascia contribute to diffuse, radiating pain, which is linked
to chronic pain disorders (e.g. fibromyalgia) and post-exercise soreness.
5. Prolonged inflammation in fascia can make nerves more pain-sensitive, potentially
contributing to conditions like fibromyalgia and chronic lower back pain.
6. The thoracolumbar fascia in the lower back is emerging as a possible source of back pain
due to its sensory role in detecting tension.
7. Factors like hormonal changes, sympathetic nervous system activation, and adrenaline can
affect fascial stiffness and function.
8. Fascia's elasticity can respond to hormonal, chemical, and mechanical inputs, determining
whether it remains elastic or becomes rigid (affecting its flexibility).
9. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body and is
regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
10. Age-related changes in the lymphatic system's elasticity and nervous support can impact
its function and contribute to health issues.
3
, WBI05/01– Article potential questions Biology A Level Tutor
What you should know and understand from this article before the exam.
Introduction to Fascia
o Definition and Historical Perspective
Fascia Composition and Types
o Understanding Fascia Structure
o Superficial and Deep Fascia
Fascia as a Sensory Organ
o Nerve Richness in Fascia
o Sensory Functions of Fascia
Fascia's Role in Chronic Pain
o Radiating Pain and Chronic Pain Disorders
o Inflammation in Fascia and Fibromyalgia
Impact of Inflammation on Fascia
o Alterations in Fascial Nerves
o The Challenge of Treating Lower Back Pain
Thoracolumbar Fascia and Back Pain
o Thoracolumbar Fascia's Sensory Role
o Stiffening of Fascia and Its Implications
Factors Influencing Fascial Stiffness
o Sympathetic Nervous System and Fascia
o Hormonal and Mechanical Factors
The Lymphatic System
o Introduction to the Lymphatic System
o Structure and Function of Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic System Aging
o Changes in Elasticity and Vessel Function
o Role of Nervous System in Lymphatics
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