Summary
Summary Issue and debates
- Module
- Issue and debates
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
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CONTEXT PAGE:1. Animal issues 2
2. Ethical issues 3-4
3. Practical issues 5-6
4. Psychology is a science 7-8
5. Recuationalsim 9-10
6. Comparing explanations 11-12
7. Nature vs nurture 13-14
8. Culture and gender 15-16
9. How has psychology developed over time 17-18
10. Social control 19-20
11. The use of psychological knowledge within society 21-22
12. Socially sensitive research 23-24
,Animal issues Ethical issues Practical issues
A01:
- Differences in human Ryder coined the term
- The Scientific Procedures Act (1986) and animal species ‘speciesism’ and proposed it
and the Home Office regulate means results may lack is morally wrong to treat
psychological research with animals
generalisability/validity animals differently to humans
- Reduction is where the number of
animals must be kept to a minimum
- For example, the Humans should protect their
- The accommodation/caging must be
suitable for the animal being used in the morning sickness drug own species so if this means
research thalidomide showed sacrificing animals then this
- The likely benefits of the research are negative outcomes for is justified
compared to costs to the animals when
assessing if the study can go ahead humans but not for
animals Pavlov’s (1927) experiment
- Endangered species can be used if
there is appropriate justification that with dogs involved invasive
other species cannot be used - Pavlov’s (1927) procedures which would be
- Practically, animals may be selected experiment with dogs difficult to justify with current
with consideration given to similarity to
humans (such as genes, brain) lead to the discovery of guidelines
- animal research can be controlled very classical conditioning
precisely through keeping temperature
and lighting regulated which may justify the
invasive procedures
, Ethical Not ethical
Ethical issues
Social Milgram: debriefed,right to withdraw Milgram: psychological
A01: Burger: screened participants - ethical but is the data harm,deception,informed consent
The BPS(british psychology society) have useful Sherif: deception to cause conflict
Sherif: Parental consent
four core principles and guidelines which
are rules psychologists need to follow or will
otherwise lose their license Cognitive Baddeley: protection from psychology harm HM: Privacy, vulnerable,RTW
Sebastian and hernandez gil: Sebastian and hernandez gil:
Informed consent minor psychological harm
Principles and Guidelines
Respect (4)
Informed consent,confidentiality(protecting Biological Brendgen: No harm came to the pp and parental Brengen:peer rating cause minor
identity), privacy (person's right to control consent psychological harm
the flow of information) and right to withdraw Raine: radioactive tacker only a
Competence (1) little bit unsafe
Making ethical choices
Responsibility (2) Learning Watson and reyner: Parental consent,RWT Becker: sensitive question
Protection from harm and debriefing Bandura: Distress and and to
children
Integrity (1)
Watson and reyner:
Honesty (no deception) psychological harm long term
Risk assessment: Identifying any potential phobia
risks and weighing up the balance of
long-term gain versus short term risk to
participants. There are ethic committed who
ultimately deserved if the risks are justified.
Research ethics committee (REC): they
approve studies before they begin
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