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Kidneys Brief Summary
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A brief summary of the kidney as described in the second edition of the OCR A-Level Biology textbook serves as a concise introduction to your revision before a more in-depth revision by summarising the information you need to know about the kidneys.

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  • No
  • 5.2.4-5.2.6
  • September 19, 2023
  • 2
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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Summary Sheet
Functions of the Kidneys
 Osmoregulatory Function
 Regulates water content of the blood
 Maintains blood pressure
 Excretory Function
 Excretes toxic waste products of metabolism (e.g. urea)
 Excretes substances in excess of requirements (e.g. salts)



Structure of the Kidney
 Outer Layer
 Fibrous capsule
 Main Areas
 Cortex (contains glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, and distal
convoluted tubule of the nephrons)
 Medulla (contains loop of Henle and collecting duct of the nephrons)
 Renal pelvis (where the ureter joins the kidney)



Blood Supply to the Kidney
Renal Artery: Carries oxygenated blood carrying salts and urea to the kidney

Renal Vein: Carries deoxygenated blood that has had urea and excess salts removed away from the
kidneys



Urinary System
Ureter: Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Bladder: Stores urine temporarily

Urethra: Expels urine from the body



Nephrons
 Functional Unit of the Kidney
 Responsible for the formation of urine

Structure of Nephrons
 Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons

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