UNIT 28
P1 outline the web architecture and
components which enable internet and
web functionality
Internet
The internet is created up of millions and millions of tny computer networks which is known as the
internet. A major part of the internet is the world wide web (www.) The internet is not only made up of
just web pages, the internet provides other services such as fle transfer and email.
Network service points/provider
Network service access points is one of the two kinds of hierarchal addresses which is used to apply OSI
(Open systems interconnecton) network layer addressing. Network service access points are the logical
points between the transport layer and the network, in which the network services are sent of to the
trans player, this locaton is known as the OSI network which is provided by the NSAP address. There are
two types of Network service access points address feldss domain-specifc part, and inital domain part.
Internet service provider
Internet service provider is a business which provides internet services to businesses and households to
connect to the internet. The payment is commonly monthly, and the service provider commonly
provides hardware such as the router at a price. Diferent internet providers ofer diferent speeds,
although it depends on the country, and the locaton you live in the country, because some areas are
more urbanized for internet speeds than others (such as optcal fbre cables) which allows for higher
internet speeds.
Internet backbone
Internet backbone is a term of a principal data routers between huge, advantageously interconnected
networks and routers on the internet. Internet backbones have high speed data transmission lines which
gives network facilites small, but high-speed internet service providers worldwide. Internet backbones
are the biggest data connectons which are on the internet. These require high-speed servers, routers
,and bandwidth connecton. ackbone networks are usually owned by businesses, organisatons,
government and military enttes.
IP addresses
Network addresses are used to identfy a network which is on the internet. Every network address is
diferent for users to identfy which network belongs to who, and there is no confusion, like house
addresses. For example, a network could have the IP address.: 86.13.43.124.
Routers
A router is a device which forwards packets of data from networks. A router is commonly connected to a
minimum of two networks, LANS OR WANs. Routers are where two or more networks connect. Routers
use protocols such as ICMP to communicate and proceed the best router to the hosts.
World wide web
The world wide web is the main set of hyperlinks that allows users to access websites and web pages
which are on the internet. Websites are accessed using sofware known as web browsers, one example
of a web browser would be Google chrome.
Domain names
Domain name service is a protocol in which functons exchange data on the internet and on
private networks. This is done by translatng domain names to IP addresses. The internet is
based on IP addresses, which means every domain name has an IP address. For example, the
website google.co.uk has the IP address 216.58.214.3
Web servers/ web hosts
Web servers are important part of web architecture and the internet. A web server is a computer which
has a dedicated task of distributng data to users which are connected to the internet. Many things on
the internet is hosted using a webs server, such as websites which users access, and downloading is
done from web servers and hostng of games are also hosted on web servers,
Web browsers
, Web browsers are sofware which are downloaded to computers to be able to access websites. Web
browsers translate HTML language from the internet to make it easier for the user to understand. Web
browsers allows users to understand simple websites because it interprets the coding for the user.
P2 Explain the user side and server side factors that
influence the performance of a website
User Side factors:
Download speed
Download speeds refers to the amount of data a user can download per second (e.g. mbps or gbps) and
is capped by their internet service provider. Many years ago, when dial-up was popular users could get a
speed of 54 kilobytes per second, although nowadays, like in the United Kingdom users can get speeds
of 200 megabytes per second from internet service providers such as virgin media. The slower the
internet speed is, the longer it will take to download things such as web pages, fles from the internet
e.g. Higher download speeds are more expensive compared to cheaper download speeds.
RAM
If a computer has a low amount of RAM, or the ram is being fully used, and a user tries to go on a
website, the websites will take longer to load, because the processor is atemptng to handle everything
which is running on the computer.
Processor speed
Processer speed is vital when it comes how quickly a web browser can interpret web pages. The beter
the processor, the quicker the web pages will load on the web browser. There are web browsers which
can take a lot of the processors power because how big they are, and RAM, which can impact the PC’s
speed which can slow down the performance of a website for the client.
Website code efciencn
When websites code is made efciently, it avoids for wastng tme and efort. It is vital for incorporatng
programming techniques which will make the implementaton and maintenance of the website efcient.
This also allows the website to be compatble with most web browsers and operatng systems. Some
websites have a mobile version of their website which is friendly to smartphones because smartphones