CSCC Psychology 1100 Final Exam| latest full testbank with complete solution | GRADED A+
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Module
CSCC Psychology 1100
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CSCC Psychology 1100
CSCC Psychology 1100 Final Exam| latest full testbank with complete solution | GRADED A+
Study of behavior and mental processes - Psychology
The __________ approach emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives (such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and ear...
CSCC Psychology 1100 Final Exam | latest full testbank with complete solution | GRADED A+ Study of behavior and mental processes - Psychology The __________ approach emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives (such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences. Practitioners of this approach believe that sexual and aggressive impu lses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave. - Psychodynamic The ___________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. It focuses on an organism's visible behaviors, not thoughts or feelings. - Behavioral The _________ approach emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose one's destiny. - Humanistic The _________ approach emphas izes the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. - Cognitive Some psychologists emphasize an __________ approach that uses evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and n atural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors. - Evolutionary Some psychologists examine behavior and mental processes through the ___________ approach, which is a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. - Biological The __________ approach examines the influences of social and cultural environments on behavior. - Sociocultural Most of the studies psychologists publish in research journals follow the _______ ________, which may be summarized in these five steps : Observing some phenomenon Formulating hypotheses and predictions Testing through empirical research Drawing conclusions Evaluating conclusions - Scientific Method A ________ is anything that can change - Variable A _______ is a broad idea or set of cl osely related ideas that attempts to explain observations. They seek to explain why certain things are as they are or why they have happened, and can be used to make predictions about future observations. - Theory A _______ is a testable prediction that d erives logically from a theory. A theory can generate many of these. If more and more _________ related to a theory turn out to be true, the theory gains in credibility. - Hypothesis _______ research is interested in discovering relationships between vari ables. - Correlational. The degree of relationship between two variables is expressed as a numerical value called a correlational coefficient, which is most commonly represented by the letter r. The correlation coefficient is a statistic that tells us tw o things about the relationship between two variables —its strength and its direction. The value of a correlation always falls between −1.00 and +1.00. The number or magnitude of the correlation tells us about the strength of the relationship. The closer th e number is to ±1.00, the stronger the relationship. The sign (+ or −) tells us about the direction of the relationship between the variables. A positive sign means that as one variable increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases the other doe s as well. When variables are positively correlated, they change in the same direction. A negative sign means that as one variable increases, the other decreases. Negatively correlated variables change together but do so in the opposite direction. A zero c orrelation means that there is no systematic relationship between the variables. __________ research involves finding out about the basic dimensions of some variable. - Descriptive A _____ ______ is an in -depth look at a single individual. - Case study A related method that is especially useful when information from many people is needed is a ________, or questionnaire, which presents a standard set of questions, or items, to obtain people's self -reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic. - Survey. Surveys can measure only what people think about themselves. Furthermore, people do not always know the truth about themselves. If you were answering a survey that asked, "Are you a generous person?" how might your answer compare to that of a friend who is asked to make that same rating about you? One particular problem with surveys and interviews is the tendency of participants to answer questions in a way that will make them look good rather than in a way that communicates what they truly think or feel. Another challenge in survey construction is that when questionnaires are used to operationally define variables, it is crucial that the items precisely probe the specific topic of interest and not some other characteristic. The language used in surveys therefore must be clear and understandable if the responses are to reflect the participants' actual feelings. An ________ is a data -gathering methodology that involves a standard set of questions asked in the same manner and order. For example, when doing rese arch, you may do this instead of asking them to fill out a questionnaire. - Interview The observation of behavior in a real -world setting. - Naturalistic observation The soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment. In the realm of testing, the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. - Validity The outcome; the factor that can change in an experiment in response to changes in the independent variable - Dependent variable A manipulated experimental facto r; the variable that the experimenter changes to see what its effects are. - Independent variable Researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance, to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to preexisting differences bet ween groups. - Random assignment The brain's special capacity for change - Plasticity
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