Revision Pack: Consultation and Confrontation
Unit 2F.1India, the Road to Independence Student book: Edexcel AS/A Level History, Paper 1&2: Searching for rights and freedoms in the 20th century Student Book
Consultation and Confrontation, 1930-1942
Timeline
3 May 1939 Subhas Chandra Bose forms Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress to really all
left-wing sections within Congress and develop an alternative leadership inside Congress.
July 1939 Bose announces Committee of Forward Bloc with himself as its president.
3 Sep 1939 Cover of Linlithgow announces that India is at war with Germany.
23 Oct 1939 Congress asks all Congress provincial ministries to resign; all resign by the end of the
month.
14th Sep 1939 Congress Working Committee declares it will not support the British in war unless
self-determination is granted to India.
22 Dec 1939 Observed by the Muslim League as Deliverance day from Congress Rule
20 Mar 1940 Congress demands complete independence and a constituent assembly.
23 Mar 1940 Lahore Resolution of the Muslim League demands a separate Muslim homeland.
20-22nd June 1940 Forward Bloc holds its first All-India Conference in Nagpur and feared itself to
be a socialist political party and urges militant action against the British.
2nd July 1940 Bose arrested and imprisoned.
7th Aug 1940 'August Offer' from the viceroy on India's constitutional development.
15th Sep 1940 Congress rejects the August Offer
28th Sep 1940 Muslim League rejects the August Offer
Jan 1941 Bose escaped and flees to Afghanistan. Bose broadcasts propaganda to India, urging
Indians to rise up against British tyranny.
Aug 1942 British authorities ban the Forward Bloc.
Political developments, 1932-35
Indian reaction to the failure of consultation; the Communal Award and Gandhi's response; the
Yeravda Pact
Communal Award 1932
- followed 2nd round conference
- August 1932 British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced his communal award –
separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians & Untouchables
- Bengali Punjabi Muslims in strong position; retained separate electorates; given more seats
than any other community in provincial assemblies;
- The big problem that the conferences failed to resolve was the communal issue – the
competing claims of different religious groups
Gandhi’s reaction
- Furious; against separate electorates & he saw the recognition of the Untouchables as an
attempt to weaken Congress
- Begins his ‘fast until death’
- Agreement reached between Gandhi and Ambedkar (leader of the Untouchables) – Yeravda
Pact
Yeravda Pact
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