Summary GEOGRAPHY 1/2 GRADE 11 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION
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Module
Geography
Institution
11th Grade
GEOGRAPHY 1/2
GRADE 11
NOVEMBER
EXAMINATION study notes was compiled by using at 2019 – 2021 DBE/ SACAI previous examination papers. The notes are compact, colourful and easy to study, making it perfect for learners with learning barriers.
GEOGRAPHY 1/2
GRADE 11
NOVEMBER
EXAMINATION
2023
Previous examination papers were used to compile these notes. SACAI NOV 2019 – 2021. These are just
suggested answers from the memorandums. Some information is repeated, I want to show you the
different ways that the same information is asked.
I encourage you to answer the calculation/ illustration questions without looking at the answers first.
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
Multiple choice questions
Revolution The movement of the earth in an orbit around the sun.
Air mass An enormous amount of air covering a large area with the same temperature,
atmospheric pressure and humidity.
ITCZ The zone where the two tropical east winds converge.
Onshore winds Winds blowing from the sea to the land.
Coriolis force The force that cause wind to deflect from their course due to the earth's rotation.
Geostrophic flow Wind that results from a balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure
gradient force.
Geostrophic Condition in the atmosphere where there is a balance between Coriolis force and
equilibrium the air compressive force.
Maritime climate Coastal climate.
Continental Climate of places far away from coastal areas.
climate
, 2
Relief The shape of the soil surface, e.g. hills, mountains, valleys and cliffs
Conical hill A small pointed hill where the hard caprock has been removed.
Plateau Large, high-lying area that is relatively flat.
Undercutting Erosion of rocks at the foot of a slope with the resulting collapse of the overhang.
Pedi plain An almost flat plain formed as canyon floors grow larger, usually in a dry region.
Peneplain An almost flat plain formed by erosion of slopes in a humid environment.
Tors Granite blocks exposed after weathering.
Deforestation The removal of vegetation or trees.
W. Penck the father of the theory of slope replacement
Resource Any material or product that people find useful.
Minerals Inorganic chemicals found in rocks.
Raw material The input needed to produce a product.
Exhausted To use something up, e.g. raw materials.
Infrastructure Examples include: water supply, electricity and sewerage.
Generator A machine that transform mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Power station A building where electricity is produced.
Föhn wind A hot, dry wind that blows down the leeward side of a mountain
Monsoon A seasonal wind that blows in the tropical region.
Tropical asterlies Wind that converges at the equatorial low-pressure belt.
Convection A method of heating the atmosphere where heated particles move vertically.
Latent heat Heat hidden in water vapour during evaporation.
Front Zone where two air masses of different temperatures meet.
Dew point The temperature at which water vapour begins to condense.
Planetary wind Prevailing winds blowing over large parts of the earth’s surface throughout the
year
Pressure gradient The amount of change in atmospheric pressure between high- and low-pressure
areas.
Friction Contact with land or sea surface causing slower wind movement.
Batholith Large, dome-shaped intrusions of magma that occur very deep below the earth’s
surface
, 3
Great The mountain range that separates the coastal region from the plateau in South
Escarpment Africa
Blyde River An example of a canyon landscape in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Canyon
Karoo landscape These landscapes develop from canyon landscapes.
ATMOSPHERE
THE EARTH’S ENERGY BALANCE
Diagram that indicates a high- and low-pressure cell. (SACAI NOV 2021)
• The circular lines around these pressure cells = Isobars
Pressure cell A = is a high-pressure cell.
Reason: The pressure readings are getting bigger to the centre
of the cell. Air is moving (arrow labelled X) away from the HP
to the LP / The wind is moving away from this cell / Air is
diverging.
• The pressure reading at C = 1010hPa
• Labelled X = Wind / Pressure Gradient Force / PGF
• The weather conditions associated with pressure cell B = Warm with
chances of rain. Cloudy conditions. Windy conditions
Can you copy the pressure cell labelled B. Draw arrows indicating the air
circulation around this pressure cell in the northern hemisphere.
, 4
GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION
TRI CELLULAR MODEL
How uneven heating of the earth’s surface results
in high-and low-pressure cells: (SACAI NOV 2019)
Portions of the earth's surface that are heated
faster / places close to the Equator result in rising
air and low pressure at the surface.
When the temperature is low at places closer to the
poles, the air contracts and sinks / subsides,
forming a high-pressure at the surface
Ferrell cell = This cell is between the subtropical
high-pressure belt and the subpolar low-pressure
belt.
Hadley cell = This cell forms between 0 ° and 30 °
North and South of the equator
Polar cell = This cell originates between the polar front and the north pole.
The importance of the global tricellular circulation for the world's weather and climate. (SACAI NOV 2019)
• It helps with the even distribution of heat.
• Hot air moves from the equator to the poles. Cold air moves from the poles to the equator.
• It helps with the formation of the polar front causing many important weather phenomena, such
as the mid-latitude cyclone.
• This results in high- and low-pressure belts.
• High pressure belts - cause clear skies. Low-pressure belts - cause rainy conditions.
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