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Cognitive approach summary page/poster
This summary document includes the key AO1 information, relevant studies and AO3 PEEL structured evaluative paragraph for the Cognitive approach
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AO1 COGNITIVE APPROACH SUMMARYKey terms- - BASIC ASSUMPTIONS-
Schema- mental - Internal mental processes can and should be studied scientifically.
representation of a - Internal mental processes are ‘private’ and cannot be studied directly so
concept inferences should be made.
Cognition- internal -SCHEMAS-
mental process Mental representations of concepts including our knowledge, beliefs and
Inference-drawing expectations about concepts in our world.
conclusions on a Help us to interpret the world as it gives us a script of typical expectations for a
mental process via given situation.
assessing observable How it works:
behaviour.
Cognitive • When we encounter a known situation/person a relevant schema is
neuroscience- study automatically activated
of the biological • This reduces sensory overload, and we can process the experience
processes which • If the situation and the schema when paired isn’t consistent with each
influence our internal other, we tend to ignore this information.
mental processes
In this way, schemas can bias our perception of events as:
• We ignore parts that don’t fit into designated schema
• We only store central features, not exact features
• We may ‘fill in’ information with that of the schema to make sense of a situation
• Distorts memories to fit in with our expectations
• Use our schemas to make a ‘best guess’ of a situation
THE COMPUTER MODEL THE EMERGENCE OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
- Triggered by the advancements in new tech such as MRI
INFORMATION
INPUT
PROCESSING
OUTPUT and PET scans which enable scientists to map the brain and
make inferences on the activation of certain areas when
paired with certain stimulus
This demonstrates the way in which
schemas work to retrieve - Also useful to pair a normal functioning brain to one with
information packs (schemas) when a brain damage to make inferences on internal mental
certain input triggers it. This shows processes and which parts are most effected.
the link between stimulus and - Reveals neurological processes of the brain
response.
AO3- EVALUATION P- Much of the research is conducted in highly
P+ Less deterministic as some of the other approaches controlled and artificial stimuli E- For example,
E+ Allows individual to think and choose how to Baddeley’s research into coding in STM and LTM.
interpret a situation- free will L+ Provides a more E- This questions whether the mental processing
realistic explanation for behaviour. which occurs to these artificial stimuli is truly
representative of how we process everyday info.
P+ Ability to identify and describe internal mental L- May lack external validity.
processes which occur in response to given stimuli E+
Useful in fields such as treatment of psychological P- Critics have argued that the computer analogy
disorders like depression e.g. CBT which challenges is too simplistic to depict human mind. E- Says this
faulty cognitions such as negative self-schemas E+ machine-reductionism often overlooks
Therefore re-programmes thinking to help reduce complexities of human information processing. E-
symptoms L+ Makes approach more useful due to Crucial difference is that theoretical models may
real life application. not provide clear or accurate representations of
our internal mental processes. L- doesn’t fully
represent all of human cognitions and the
complexities.
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