Lecture notes from Imperial College London, Medical Biosciences BSc, 2nd year, cardiovascular and thoracic biology (CTB) module.
In this chapter, we are going to take a step into the future to see where current thinking about respiratory and cardiovascular diseases is heading, in particular thin...
Step into the future
- new technologies that might be available in 10-15 years
The world in the future - clinical implications
- reduction in environmental pollution & improvement in air quality in western countries
- decline in tobacco smoking
- improved diet BUT obesity pb => concomitant associated diseases
- increasing ageing pop => patients with existing respiratory & cardiovascular diseases will be alive
- familiarity with computers, smart devices ... and the ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT)
=> advantage in delivering + monitoring healthcare BUT decreased compliance...
Precision medicine
- within a disease, there are subpopulations of patients with ≠ pathophysiological profiles
- precision/ personalised medicine: adapt diagnoses, prevention, treatments to the individual patient
(not creation of a unique drug for each patient: unique drug for each subpopulation)
=> diagnostic testing based on the patient’s genetic, molecular and cellular ‘profile’
=> algorithm-based data: classification by risk, surveillance for disease, right treatment
Organs-on-a-chip
- challenges of drug dvlp: expensive (~3 billion $), long (~15 years)
BUT inefficient because pre-clinical
development tests cells grown in culture
flasks (in vitro): ≠ cell conditions in body
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