Lecture notes
Thematic study, Zionism, Israel and Palestine
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- OCR
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ZIONISMISRAEL
AND
PALESTINE
REVISION
, Zionism
A political movement to promote a Jewish homeland (not a religious movement)
Origins of Zionism:
1896 - Herzl wrote a book called ‘Der Judenstat’ which called for the creation
of a Jewish state to resolve the issue of anti-Semitism which threatened Europe:
Palestine eventual resolution.
Aliyah
1882 - 1903 35,000
This describe the migration of Jews to Palestine: 1904 – 1914 40,000
1019 – 1923 40,000
1924 – 1929 82,000
1929 - 1939 250,000
Problems
Huge increase in population of Jews at the beginning of the 20th century:
British mandate struggled with civil wars breaking out between Jews and
Arabs.
Arabs viewed Britain to be pro-Zionist due to the Balfour Declaration.
Solution
Churchill White Paper 1922:
Proposal aimed to resolve disputes between Arabs and Jews.
Supported creation of a Jewish home in Palestine BUT for the state to be
partitioned with the Arabs.
British Mandate of Palestine
, POLITICAL
REPRESENTATION
No international representation, due to the Arabs being broken
ARABS up into various states.
Within Palestine: Supreme Muslim council- served as
communication between British and Jewish community
No representative government: no say over Jewish question.
Represented internationally by the Jewish Agency (Yishuv)
JEWS Within Palestine: Jewish National Council which was
recognized by Britain.
ARABS 1922
& British proposed a legislative council of Palestinians, Jews and
JEWS Christians.
Arabs offered 10/23 seats (although majority).
Hence, the Arabs refused to partake in the elections.
Outcome:
Palestine was governed by a panel of British officials.
Hostilities
The Palestinians became angered at the growing number of migrants that
were taking their land and jobs: resorted to violence.
Jewish settler militia organisations retaliated with similar degrees of
violence.
Britain’s failed responses:
1. Arrests and punishments – extremely unpopular with the Arabs
2. Commissions of enquiry – raised hopes with Palestinians; no change occurred
Violent 1920’s
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