Lecture notes containing;
Structure of kidneys and function
Primary functions of the urinary system
Nephron Tubule
Plasma volume management
The renal corpuscle
Bowman's capsules
Proximal Convoluted tube PCT
collectin ducts and their functions
ADH and its role in plasma osmolality
URINARY
THE URINARY SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Describe the structure of the components of the urinary system
Discuss the principal functions of the urinary system
Understand how the nephron provides the essential functions of filtration, reabsorption and secretion
Discuss the urinary system's contribution to the regulation of plasma volume and electrolyte homeostasis and
the endocrine oversight of these processes
, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
List the main functions of the kidneys
Describe the components of the urinary system and its general topographic anatomy
Describe the gross internal structure of the kidney and ureter
List the subunits of the nephron
Describe the structure of the renal corpuscle
Describe the process of filtration in the renal corpuscle
Briefly describe the function of the proximal convoluted tubule
Describe the four basic membrane transport mechanisms
Functions of kidney
- Elimination of waste substances from
plasma
- Absorb essential compounds
- Regulate ion levels
- Maintain osmolality
- Regulate plasma volume and blood
pressure
- Produce hormones
Properties
- Heavily vascularised
- Received 25% of cardiac output > 20% filtrate
- All but 1% of the filtrate is reabsorbed
- Occurs every 30mins
- Approx 1 million nephrons in each human kidney
The Nephron
- One single tube
- Modify filtrate along various regions of tube
- Collecting duct, drains apex of medullary
pyramid into the urinary tract
- Each nephron consists of one renal corpuscle
and its tubule
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