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OCR Biology A-Level Transport in Animals Summary
A HandWritten summary which contains all the necessary A* Content for Transport in Animals at OCR A-Level Biology.
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Arteries :Transport oxygenated blood away from the heart so .
4cm
collagen
Elastic fiders Withstand blood and
isTiers"
high pressure even out
surges
:
-
III lumen
Smooth muscle Constrict or dilate to control
:
blood flow
↳ Arterioles :
Smooth Muscle contracts or relaxes to cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction - 30xum
- redblood
&net
-
-E
-7
Capillaries :
link arterioles and venules 10cum only
so one sel fits
ES ..
gaps for good
I
Capillary wall cen thick with transport
:
Veins Carry blood towards the heart <1cm
:
smooth muscle values Often contain values to prevent backflow
:
Elastic fibers
1/I lumen
low pressure Muscle contraction and
breathing movement squeeze the veins
:
collagen
Blood Plasma liquid blood and platelets
transporting substrates red calls white blood cells
:
, ,
Oxygenation of Cens Removal of Waste products Transport of hormones
·
- -
Transport of food molecules Transport of immune cens Acts as a buffer
- - -
Tissue fluid fills spaces between cells :
. Arterial end
High pressure
:
hydrostatic a
fluid leaves the
capillary
2 .
Capillary
:
Lower oncotic
pressures Some tissue fluid moves back in
3 . Venous end Low :
hydrostatic pressure smore tissue fluid moves back in
Lymph Tissue fluid :
drained into lymph capillaries ->
transport lymphocytes from the lymph nodes
to the rest of the
body to
fight infection
Transporting oxygen :
: binds with
Oxygen haemoglobin the molecule changes shape so the
s
next Or molecule is
bind
able to more
easily (positive cooperativity)
2 At the offloaded
respiring cens the Oc Concentration is low so oxygen is
.
Oxygen Dissociation Curve :
3
affinity for
f
Bohr effect High CO2 decreases haemoglobins
2
2
oxygen
:
.
↳ Oxygen is offloaded more
.
3 Fetal
haemoglobin Higher oxygen offinity so
:
it can be removed from the mother
O Kpa
Transporting Carbon Dioxide :
3 % of CO2 Dissolved in blood plasma 10-20%:
Carbaminohaemoglobin 75-83%: HC05
·
: · ·
Catalysed by Carbonic anhydrase
1
O, + H2O -H2CO5 Carbonizacid ->
.
2 .
H2C05 dissociates into H HC03
RBC cell down concentration
gradient chlorine maintaining charge
3 .
HC05 leaves the a , moves in ,
4 In the .
lungs (low CO2 Concentration) the process reverses
releasing CO2
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