Summary
OCR A-Level Biology Genetic Engineering(2) Summary
Handwritten Summary by an Oxford Medical Student which covers all content necessary for an A* in Genetic Engineering at OCR Biology A-Level.
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Genetic Engineering :"Isolate desired gene
creating unpaired
the with restriction endonuclease bases <
sticky ands
2 .
Gene isincorporated into a plasmid vector using more restriction endonuclease and DNA ligase
↳ Forms recombinant DNA
Can also be second bioluminescence into which desired spliced
gene ie
marker
given a .
the
gene is
↳ pioluminescence is no
longer expressed so the recombinant plasmid can be identified
.
3
Plasmids are incorporated into the bacteria
by :
-Heating to increase membrane
permeability
-Electroporation to make membranes very porous
Electrofusion :
·
Electrocurrents are applied to two cells
causing them to fuse causing hybrid polyploid
/ cels
↳ Not successful in animal cens , but can be used to produce monoclonal antibodies .
Engineering plants The desired gene :
is incorporated into a tumor and is carried into the DNA
↳ forms caurs/mass of GM cas which can be
grown into plants
a new
Pest Resistance:
Increased yield and economic benefits Cons May damage undesired species/cause resistance
·
Pros :
· :
Disease Resistance :
Pros Increased
yield Cons May spread genes to wild population
· .
: :
Herbicide Resistance :
·
Pros Increase
:
yield
Pharming Creation :
of animal models/human proteins
Somatic cel gene therapy Replacing mutant queles with healthy advit cens
:
↳ short term will still be ,
inherited
Germ line gene therapy Inserting healthy :
queles into a
developing embryo
↳ Permanent will be inheited
,
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