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OCR A-Level Biology Cellular Control(1) Summary £2.99   Add to cart

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OCR A-Level Biology Cellular Control(1) Summary

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Handwritten Summary by an Oxford Medical Student which covers all content necessary for an A* in Cellular Control at OCR Biology A-Level.

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  • October 11, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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Transcriptional Control :

Genes can be turned on or off
Chromatin Remodelling :


·

Heterochromatin :



Tightly Wound DNA - cannot be transcribed
·

Euchromatin :



Loosely wound DNA in interphase ->
Can be transcribed
↳ histones
Acetylation :
makes the more
negative ,
DNA is loosened

Methylation makes the histones more
hydrophobic DNA coils more
tightly
:



,




Lac Operon
group of genes that are controlled by the same regulatory mechanism
:
A
1
Regulatory gene Codes for a repressor Regulatory Gene Promoter /Operator /Genes
.

.




.
2
Repressor protein binds to the operator and prevents ~Represso :

RNA
polymerase from binding to the promoter
In the presence of lactose :




: Codes for a repressor Regulatory Gene Promoter /Operator /Genes
Regulatory gene RNA
.




7
2 Lactose binds to the repressor protein,
Polymerase
transcription
causing
.




lactose
it to
change shape Repressor
.
3 The repressor bind to the operator
can no
longer
4 RNA can now bind to the promoter
polymerase
.




Cyclic AMP :




post-transcriptional/Pre-translational Control :




RNA added to the S'end
processing Cap is Stabilise mRNA
·
:
7
·

Tail is added to the 3' end
Delay degradation
·RNA
editing Splicing of introns -> Non zoding DNA
:



.




Translational Control :




Degradation of mRNA molecules last
·

more resistant
longer < more proteins
:




·
Binding of inhibitory proteins to mRNA

Initiation factors Aid the
binding of mRNA to ribosomes
:




Protein kinases
Catalyse the addition of phosphate groups to proteins Activates
·




enzymes
:

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