Summary
OCR A-Level Biology Genetic Engineering(1) Summary
Handwritten Summary by an Oxford Medical Student which covers all content necessary for an A* in Genetic Engineering at OCR Biology A-Level.
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Producing agenetic profile :
:DNA is extracted s Can be lengthened by polymerase chain reaction
C
Sample digested using restriction endonuclease
.
is
DNA fragments are separated
.
3
using dectrophoresis
4
.
Radioactive or fluorescent DNA probes are added to identify the fragments
S
used
X-rays or light recognize patterns
.
or can be to
↳used for forensic profiling ,
proving paternity screening for genetic
,
disease
Electrophores is :
fragetcatoon CNAisplacedatthe cathodeandmovesthroughtheaga
hi it
Polymerase Chain Reaction :
"DNA fragment is Separated using DNA helicase
2 ·
Primers are annealed to either side
3 .
DNA is
synthesised with free nucleotides to form two new strands
DNA
sequencing :
:DNA is mixed with a primer and an excess of nucleotides
2 .
A thermal
cycler is used for PCR
.
3 DNA Polymerase builds up new Strands of DNA
4 .
Terminator bases are incorporated randomly to produce all possible DNA
fragments
S
Fragments separated by Gel electrophoresis
.
are
6
Data is fed back into
computer which fragments
.
reassembles the
a
genome by overlapping
Uses data to build theoretical models of
Computational Biology :
biological systems
Analysing the genomes of pathogen :
·
Find the source of infection
·
Track disease outbreaks
Detect antibiotic resistance Develop new drugs
·
DNA
Barcoding :
Identify species with a short section of DNA
spliceosomes Joins exons
together to form mRNA
:
Proteomics :
Study of an
organism's amino acid sequence and protein complement
Synthetic biology :
↳ Genetic Gene therapy
Engineering
·
Biotechnology Synthesis of organisms
·
y whole
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