Summary
OCR A-Level Biology Biotechnology Enzymes Summary
Handwritten Summary by an Oxford Medical Student which covers all content necessary for an A* in Biotechnology Enzymes at OCR Biology A-Level.
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Isolated enzymes Isolated from wholeorganisms
:
-Extracellular enzymes are more accessible and robust
-Intracellular
enzymes are often more specific and varied
Benefits Less Wastefull :
, more specific , create a purer product
Immobilised enzymes Attached :
to a matrix over which substrate passes
-Advantages Reusable easily separated more reliable ,
greater tolerance
:
, ,
Disadvantages less efficient
higher cost of and reactor , more technical issues
:
enzyme
-
,
Methods of immobilisation :
enzyme
Surface immobilisation in organic carriers Adsorption Stuck to
-
:
-
↳
Cheap Very little effect on rate enzymes may detach from matrix
. ,
Surface immobilisation Covalent/ionic bonding to inorganic carriers:
↳ Cost varies ,
enzymes will not detach ,
enzymes are very accessible pH and , substrate
concentration often have little effect on
enzyme activity , active site may be modified
Entrapment Enzymes are placed in matrix
:
a
↳
Widely applicable ,
expensive difficult , to entrap , diffusion can be slow , effect varies
-Entrapment Enzymes :
are encapsulated in a
microcapsule/semi-permeable membrane
↳ simple little effect on can
,
enzyme activity wide application , expensive diffusion
, ,
be slow
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