Exam (elaborations)
ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam 2023
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ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam
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ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam3 major phases of cell division: - Answer- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - Answer- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - Answer- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - Answer- Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - Answer- Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - Answer- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - Answer- Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - Answer- Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - Answer- Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur Define conditioning/preparative therapy - Answer- Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - Answer- Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - Answer- Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - Answer- Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - Answer- By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - Answer- By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - Answer- 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - Answer- Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - Answer- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - Answer- Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - Answer- Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - Answer- Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - Answer- Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - Answer- 1. Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - Answer- BUN
Creatinine
CBC w/ diff
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