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Evaluate the view that pressure groups impact the presidency essay plan A Level £5.48
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Evaluate the view that pressure groups impact the presidency essay plan A Level

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An A* Edexcel A Level Politics essay plan on whether pressure groups impact the policy of the president Contains 3 arguments with 3 corresponding counter-arguments

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  • October 17, 2023
  • 1
  • 2023/2024
  • Other
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Pressure groups impact on presidency



Economy – effective

 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act
o $2.3bn over 10 years
o Corporate tax 39% max to 21% flat rate
 1999-2000, Enron (energy) donated $1.30m to GW Bush
o Jobs + Growth Tax Reconciliation Act – decreased max corporate dividend tax to
15%



 CARES Act from Trump costing $2.2tr
o $300bn one time cash payments
o $260bn increase in unemployment benefits




Healthcare – non effective

 Big Pharma donated $2 trillion in lobbying
 But PPACA passed
o 20-24 million Americans
o Mandated insurers to cover pre-existing conditions
 American Healthcare Act failed



 Pharma companies donated $1.1m for Bush’s inauguration
o Increased private plan enrolment from 4.7m 2003 to 10m 2008
 Trump undermined PPACA
o Enrolment period cut 12 to 6 weeks
o Advertising budget cut 90%



Social issues - effective

 Since 1998, lobbying NRA spent $65m
o Trump removed restrictions on 75,000 mentally ill owning guns
 Bush nominated Alito + Roberts, cases of DC v Heller, McDonald v Chicago
 Bush never renewed Federal Assault Weapons Ban



 NARAL donated $50,000 to Biden
o Dobbs v Jackon Women’s Health Organisation
 Groups like Ford Foundation + Carnegie Corporation of New York have invested $300m in
immigration organisations, yet Obama couldn’t pass DREAM Act

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