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Evaluate the view that incumbency advantage affects Congressional and Presidential elections essay plan A Level £5.48
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Evaluate the view that incumbency advantage affects Congressional and Presidential elections essay plan A Level
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An A* Edexcel A Level Politics essay plan on whether incumbency advantage affects Presidential and Congressional elections Contains 3 arguments with 3 corresponding counter-arguments

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  • October 17, 2023
  • 2
  • 2023/2024
  • Other
  • Unknown

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Power of incumbency (presidential + congressional)

Name recognition – not fit

 Susan Collins 2002 elected 58% to 42% but 2014, 68% to 32%
 Obama – John Wolfe – 117,000 votes, 1.7% popular vote
 Trump – Bill Weld – 2.35% popular vote, 1 delegate



 AOC defeated Joseph Crawley (chair of Dem caucus)
 HW Bush 1992, Pat Buchanan
o Uncovered faults in tax rises and defence spending cuts
 Jan 6th Investigation


Pork barrelling – not fit

 Big Dig, Boston - $14 billion for 3.5 miles
 Lisa Murkowski – bridge to nowhere $400 million
 Rob Bryd 51 years as a Senator



 2020 Senate – 3 flipped seats
o Alabama to Republican
o Arizona to Democrat
o Colorado to Democrat

Lobbying

 Joe Manchin 2021, $4.8million in fundraising
$300,000 after voting against Build Back Better
 2016, Congressional candidates averaged $1.16million fundraising
 2020 Devin Nunes raised $11m more than Phil Arballo in election cycle
 2020 Trump $1.3bn v Biden $1.1bn



 2020 Mitch McConnell $36m vs Amy McGrath $41m
 This money is necessary
o 2015, Ted Cruz announced he was running 11 months before first primary, Obama
still had just under 2 years left in office
o Biden announced he was funning April 2019, first primary August 2020

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