AQA alevel paper 1 sociology main theorists for each topic on the paper.They are broad notes that provide AO1 and can all directly critique each theorists provided me an A*
Theory of education Davis & moore-
Parsons- Role allocation-everyone has a function in society that
meritocracy -equal opportunities to get has to be filtered.Individuals are sifted and sorted into
high paid jobs and opportunities are given roles through tests in school
to those who work hard all roles are important
E.g doctors Eg liking maths ->going into a mathematical career.
Bowles and gintis-
durkheim- Functionalism
correspondence principle-school
Social solidarity//value consensus-
mirrors the workplace to favour
pupils are brought together through
capitalism
shared norms and values
Eg rules and punishment, tardiness,
Eg assembly,uniforms,same rules
mannerisms, passivity
becker- althusser -
Labelling-teachers label pupils Ideological state apparatus-norms and
Marxism values of the ruling class transmitted
based on the illustrated image of
the ideal pupil which consists of a through school using a set of ideas which
white middle class british keep people unaware of their exploitation
girl.pupils that don't fit into the and make them easy to control.reproduces
depiction of the ideal pupil are and legitimates inequality
labelled. Eg passivity,rules/punishments
The label can be both positive and -
negative. Willis'-
laddish/anti school subculture-Willis’ 12 working
Theory
class rebellious boys about their attitude to
school,counter-school culture. no value to
academics, miss as many lessons as
Interactionalism possible.even going against school values they
still end up in wc jobs
Feminism
New right
glass ceiling
Education transmits patriarchal Chubb & moe-
norms and values and gender scripts. Marketisation-schools should
Education legitimises patriarchy and become businesses in order to
teaches women and girls to accept create higher standards
their position in society. Parent voucher system
, Class and achievement
ball-Setting and streaming
Setting-placed in an ability group based on one written test fuller-Self denying prophecy-
Streaming-placed in an ability group based on one test across all
black girls deny label placed on them by
subjects
teachers and exceed in school through
->black pupils are placed in lower sets
hard work
willis-Anti school subculture
Pro School subculture-students who excel in
Rosenthal and jacobson-Self fulfilling prophecy-
education,high aspirations,ideal pupil,well behaved and
student is given a positive/negative label which is
passive
adopted by the pupil and it becomes their master
Anti school subculture mischievous, misbehaving,
status
tyranny, socially desirable actions
Eg being labelled deviant leads to deviant
behaviour
bourdieu-
Habitus- norms, values, attitudes, and Internal
behaviours of a particular social group becker-Labelling-
middle class pupils set the habitus for school teachers label pupils based on the
which is undesirable to working class illustrated image of the ideal pupil which
consists of a white middle class british
sullivan- girl.pupils that don't fit into the depiction of
Effects of cultural capital on pupils: -
Class the ideal pupil are labelled.
She did a study on 465 pupils in 4 The label can be both positive and negative.
schools and she found that those with
graduate parents had more cultural Tanner -
capital than those that aren't. -Cost of education eg. Books, trips, technology
Cultural
capital • wc lack access to these leading to
External
underachievement
Bourdieu-3 types of capital:
cultural capital-knowledge and understanding of MC
Howard-
Educational capital-league tables/school system
lack of nutrition leading
Economic capital-household/money
Material to a higher absence rate
deprivation and lack of energy
Sugarmann-4 working class subcultures:
Fatalism-nothing they could do to change their status
Douglas-
Collectivism-valued being a part of a group rather than
Parental attitudes from A working
succeeding as an individual.
class background consist of lack of
immediate gratification-being rewarded instantly rather than in Cultural support and motivation towards
the future
deprivation the child’s education which leads
present time orientation-more focused on present than future
to underachievement
Bernstein-Language codes:
Elaborated code is adopted mostly by middle class.includes formal language and grammatically correct sentences
Restricted code is adopted by working class and it includes short sentences and broken language
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